실외 여름철 온난화 및 가뭄 처리가 소나무 묘목의 이상생장 반응에 미치는 영향
Effects of open-field summer warming and drought on the abnormal shoot growth of Pinus densiflora seedlings
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소나무의 생장은 전년도에 형성된 겨울눈에서 가지가 한마디 발생하고 초여름에 생장을 종료하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 외부 자극을 받은 소나무는 이상생장 반응을 통해 추가로 새 가지를 신장시키기도 한다. 본 연구는 여름철 온난화 및 가뭄 처리가 소나무 묘목의 이상생장에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 2022년 3월, 2개 온도 조절 (대조, 4℃ 증가)×2개 강수 조절 (대조, 가뭄)×5개 반복의 실험구 (1.5 m×1.0 m) 총 20개를 조성하고 5월 14일부터 8월 8일까지 87일간 온난화 처리를, 2022년 5월 14일부터 6월 15일까지 33일간 강수를 100% 차단하는 강수 처리를 진행하였다. 실험이 종료된 2022년 11월에 이상생장여부 및 잎 발생 단계를 확인하였고, 처리가 끝난 8월과 묘목 생장이 종료되는 10월에 각각 묘고와 근원경을 측정하여 초기값 (5월) 대비 생장률을 계산하였다. 소나무 묘목의 이상생장 발생률은 온난화 처리에 따라 유의하게 증가하여 온난화 처리구 (38.4%)에서 대조구 (7.5%) 대비 410.6% 증가된 발생률을 보였으나, 묘고 및 근원경 생장률은 8월과 10월 모두에서 온난화 및 가뭄 처리에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 여름철 3개월 간 지속된 고온은 이상생장 발생률을 증가시키지만, 이상생장은 생장률에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 이상생장 가지의 발생은 고온에 따라 증가된 식물의 발달 속도와 다음 발생 단계로의 조기 전환에 의하여 유도된 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Pinus densiflora is a fixed-growth coniferous species that elongates its shoot once a year and finishes growing in early summer. However, it may produce additional shoots in the same year in response to external stimuli, called abnormal shoot growth. This study investigated the effects of open-field summer warming and drought on the abnormal shoot growth of P. densiflora seedlings. In March 2022, two factorial combinations were constructed, including two temperature treatments (control and 4°C increase) and two precipitation treatments (control and drought), with five replicates for each combination. The temperature treatment was performed for 87 days from May 14 to August 8, 2022, and the precipitation treatment was performed for 33 days from May 14 to June 15, blocking 100% of the ambient rainfall. The abnormal shoot occurrence rate and leaf unfolding stages were measured in November, and the shoot and root collar diameter growth rates were calculated by comparing the seedling height and root collar diameter measured in August (after the cessation of treatment) and October (after the end of growing period) with the initial values (i.e., May 2022). The abnormal shoot occurrence rate significantly increased under the warming treatment, showing a 410.6% increase in the warming plots (38.4%) compared to the control plots (7.5%). There was no significant difference in the shoot and root collar diameter growth rate regarding warming and drought treatments. Abnormal shoots may have been affected by high temperatures by inducing early transition to the next ontogenetic stage.
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