백두대간 소나무의 식물계절변화에 관한 연구
A Study on Phenology of Pinus densiflora in the Baekdudaegan Area
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초록
조사지는 백두대간 소나무림 6개 지역과 난대지역인 거제시를 대조구로 조사하였다. 조사지역의 생육가능 기간을 판단할 수 있는 일적산온도(YDI) 누적일은 231∼343일, 온량지수(Tn) 누적일은 165∼301일로 나타났다. 위도가 높은 지역의 Tn 시작일과 위도가 낮은 지역의 YDI가 같은 시기에 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 위도가 낮은 지역에서 YDI와 Tn 시작일이 빠른 경향이었으며, 위도가 높아질수록 생육가능 기간은 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 소나무의 동아파열은 3월 둘째 주부터 4월 둘째 주까지 진행되었고, 개엽은 5월 첫째 주부터 6월 둘째 주까지 진행되었으며, 수꽃형성은 4월 셋째 주부터 5월 셋째주까지 관찰되었다. 단풍은 9월 넷째 주부터 11월 첫째 주까지 진행되었으며, 낙엽은 10월 셋째 주부터11월 둘째 주까지 관찰되었다. 소나무의 동아파열, 개엽, 개화 등 생육초기 계절현상은 평균기온이 1℃상승함에 따라 각각 약 4.1일, 약 3.3일 그리고 약 3.9일 빨라지는 경향이었다. 단풍, 낙엽 등 생육후기 계절현상은 최저기온이 1℃ 상승함에 따라 각각 약 1.9일과 약 1.4일 늦어지는 경향이었다.
Abstract
This study was carried out to study the phenology of Pinus densiflora in the Baekdudaeganarea by climatic change. 7 sites(6 sites dominated to Pinus densiflora forest in theBaekdudaegan area and 1 site as the warm temperate region) were selected. The accumulateddays of YDI and Tn to find out the possible period of plant growth in each study site were231～343 days and 165～301 days, respectively. The Tn of higher latitude area and the YDI oflower latitude area showed a tendency starting at nearly same time. The starting day of YDIand Tn in the lower latitude areas had a tendency to be early, and the possible period ofgrowth in the areas of higher latitude clearly had a tendency to be decreased. The budburst ofPinus densiflora has broken out from second week of March to second week of April. Firstleaf opened from first week of May to second week of June. The male flowers were formedfrom third week of April to third week of May. Leaves have changed to color from fourthweek of September to first week of November. Fallen Leaves were observed from third weekof October to second week of November. The phenological phase by temperature changes wasanalyzed by average temperature and minimum temperature to estimate the early and latergrowth, respectively. The phenological phase in the early growth such as leaf budburst, first leafand first flowers of Pinus densiflora tended to be early about 4.1 days, 3.3 days and 3.9 days, respectively, when the average temperature of each 1℃ rises. The phenological phase in thelater growth such as leaves colored and leaves fallen of Pinus densiflora tended to fall behindabout 1.9 days and 1.4 days, respectively, when the minimum temperature of each 1℃ rises
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