지속가능한 도시개발로서 범죄예방을 위한 도시환경설계의 비판적 재론 - 환경설계와 안전설계의 접근방법을 중심으로 -
Critical review of Urban Environmental Design for Crime Prevention as Sustainable Urban Development: Focusing on the Approaches of Environmental Design and Secured by Design
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 지속가능한 도시개발(sustainable urban Development)에 있어 환경설계를 통한 범죄예방(Crime Prevention through Environmental Design: CPTED)이 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 탐색함을 목적으로 한다. 지속가능한 도시개발(urban sustainability)은 도시의 무질서한 공간개발과 자연녹지의 훼손을 지양하는 한편, 도시의 안정적인 사회경제적 활동과 생활환경의 질 향상을 통해 모든 구성원의 필요를 충족시키는 도시의 지속가능성을 확보하는 것이 핵심이다. 지속가능한 도시개발은 이러한 도시환경을 위해 다양한 요소들을 필요로 하며, 특히 도시의 안정성과 안전성 확보에 필요한 요소들을 우선적으로 고려해야 한다. 환경설계를 통한 범죄예방은 범죄에 취약한 도시의 물리적 환경을 변화시켜 잠재적 범죄나 범죄에 대한 공포에서 벗어나게 함은 물론이고 범죄를 사전에 예방하여 안전한 도시환경을 조성하기 위한 도시계획이다. 환경설계를 통한 범죄예방은 다양한 국가의 범죄예방을 위한 도시계획에 활용되고 있으며, 특히 영연방은 이러한 환경설계의 기법을 적용한 안전설계(Secured By Design)를 광범위하게 활용하고 있다. 하지만, 환경설계나 안전설계를 통한 범죄예방은 여러 형태의 한계를 내포하고 있으며, 이러한 한계는 지속가능한 도시개발에 역행할 수 있음에 따라 도시의 지속가능성 확립에 의문을 갖게 한다.
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design(CPTED) on sustainable urban development. The key point of sustainable urban development is to create an urban sustainability with stable socioeconomic activities as well as the quality of life, well-being and livability for all members of urban community. For this urban environment, it would be the main priority of securing the safety and stability of urban life over other elements of urban sustainability. CPTED is a concept that considers the capacity of the built environment to reduce both the potential crime and the fear of crime in order to secure stable and safe urban environment. The approaches of CPTED are increasingly popular in various countries to adopt as a urban plan for crime prevention. Particularly, in the United Kingdom, a crime prevention strategy with the application of CPTED’s principles, Secured By Design(SBD) has largely been utilized for the reduction of criminal activities. However, the approaches of CPTED or Secured By Design seem to have certain limitations that lead to a doubt whether or not to create urban sustainability as the limitations could run counter to sustainable urban development.
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