중국 서비스산업의 무역구조 분석
Services Sector in China－A Focus on Its Trade Patterns－
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초록
최근 중국은 파격적인 서비스시장 개방 양허안을 제출하면서 서비스무역 자유화에 적극적으로 동참하고 있다. 그러나 중국 서비스산업의 낙후성을 감안했을 때, 이는 오히려 서비스산업 발전에 불리하게 작용할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서 중국의 서비스수출입 현황을 세부항목별로 분석한 결과, 중국은 상대적으로 부가가치가 낮은 전통 서비스상품을 수출하고, 고부가가치 신흥 서비스상품을 수입하는 불합리한 무역구조를 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 서비스시장 개방이 가속화됨에 따라 수입이 수출보다 빠르게 확대될 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 무역구조는 궁극적으로 중국 서비스산업 및 무역의 발전에, 더 나아가 중국 경제 전반의 발전에 불리하게 작용할 것으로 보인다. 중국이 향후 지속가능한 균형발전을 이루기 위해서는 서비스무역, 특히 서비스수입 급증에 대한 적절한 대처가 필요하며, 보다 근본적으로는 산업의 경쟁력 강화를 위해 신흥 서비스산업에 대한 적절한 보호와 육성 지원정책이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Services sector in China is presently experiencing a radical reforms programme in accordance with China's commitments under the General Agreement in Trade in Services(GATS). China has promised to eliminate over the next few years most restrictions on foreign entry and ownership, as well as most forms of discrimination against foreigners. Considering the level of service industry, however, it may be a very dangerous decision. In this points of view, this study conducted a trade pattern analysis on the service trade in China. In China, trade in services grow viciously in volume, but the relative importance has fallen off on the contrary. In addition to that, in service trade sector, since the import grow much faster than the export, China is suffering a chronic trade deficit. Service exports of China has highly centered on the conventional service sectors, such as travel and construction; on the other hands, service imports of China has concentrated on the emerging service sectors generally. The emerging service sectors are the main part of the producer-service, and can produce high value added products. Thus, we can say there are some illogical points in the pattern of service trade of China. Judging from the present state of things, the rapid growth of trade deficit of China is quite within the realms of possibility. China had better take the initiative in this matter and Chinese government should guide the service industry toward the adequate competition.
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