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물리적 학습 환경의 인간공학 모형과 설계 전략

An Ergonomics Model for Physical Learning Environments and Their Design Strategies

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한국교육공학회 (Korean Society Of Educational Technology)|2009.06|교육공학연구 (Journal of Educational Technology)|제25권 제2호|pp. 85-116

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참고문헌

키워드

실내 환경인간공학공간 배치물리적 학습환경교수학습 기자재Physical learning environmentsergonomics and educationinternal environmentsInstruction- learning equipmentsspace layouts
주제분류교육학

초록

우리 교육은 지금까지 ‘무엇을 가르칠 것인가(what to teach)’와 ‘어떻게 가르칠 것인가(how to teach)’에 대부분의 노력과 투자를 집중해왔다. 그런데 교육의 이 두 중심축은 결국 물리적 학습환경인 ‘어디서 가르칠 것인가(where to teach)’에서 실시되고 구현된다. 아무리 좋은 교육과정, 교수매체, 교수전략도 바람직한 물리적 학습환경을 조우하지 못하면 그 효과성은 부정적이라는 연구 결과가 상당수 제시되고 있다. 그러므로 지금까지 교수자와 학습자에게 공히 부적절한 교육시설과 학습공간을 구비하는데 집행되어왔던 인습과 질곡에서 탈피하여, 교수학습활동이 실행되는 물리적 학습환경에 대해 인간공학적인 연구결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 교육시설과 공간이 설계되어야할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 학습을 성취시키기 위해 필요한 물리적 교수학습 환경을 인간공학적으로 설계하고 실행할 수 있는 실제적인 원칙과 전략을 제시하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 관점에서, 학습효과에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 물리적 환경에 대한 선행연구들을 중심으로 총체적인 문헌분석을 실시하여 도출된 물리적 학습환경의 인간공학 모형의 주요 구성 요소로서 1) 실내 환경, 2) 교수학습 기자재, 3) 공간 배치, 4) 인간공학에 대한 인식 등으로 대별하여 분석틀을 체계화하였다. 또한 그에 대한 세부 영향 요인으로 음향환경, 자연채광과 조명, 온도, 공기청정도, 습도, 색조, 학습기자재, 교수매체의 배치, 학습공간의 크기, 형태와 구조, 개인적·사회적 공간, 학습자의 인식 전환, 교수자의 인식 전환으로 분석․제시하였다. 또한 바람직한 물리적 학습환경을 위한 13개의 세부 영향요인들을 통합적이고 유기적으로 연계하여 학교 현장에 적용가능한 실제적인 설계 전략을 각 요인 별로 구체적으로 제안해보고자 한다.

Abstract

Education has invested most of efforts and resources into ‘what to teach’ and ‘how to teach’. However, both of the major educational components are eventually implemented and tangibly embodied in physical learning environments which could be referred to ‘where to teach’. Even though we have fabulous curriculum, decent instructional media, effective instructional strategies, it would be of no use if they are not able to encounter desirable physical learning environments. In relation to the common sense, vast of research results have verified that physical learning environments become critical success factors influencing directly on effectiveness of learning. Therefore, as we set ourselves free from the fetters of old conventions that have spent on inappropriate physical learning environments, it is an urgent need for us to design and provide proper physical learning environments strictly based on scientific research of ergonomics. Hence, this study purports to suggest practical design strategies and principles for desirable physical learning environments that could surely contribute to better achievement of learning. In the point of view, this research conducted extensive literature review on existing studies about physical learning environments. Then, it suggests 4 major elements for them to be the most influential on learning, including 1) internal environments, 2) instruction-learning equipments, 3) space layouts, 4) recognition about the ergonomics. In addition, as it elaborates upon the components, this study indicates 13 specific influential factors on them. Finally, on the basis of the factors, it offers design strategies specifically for each of them so that they could serve as practical guidelines for effective physical learning environments.

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