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교사의 인식론적 신념과 수업설계 행위와의 관련성 탐색

The Teacher's Epistemological Belief and Instructional Design Practice

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초록

본 연구는 교사의 인식론적 신념이 수업설계 행위와 어떤 관련성이 있는가를 확인하는 것이 궁극적인 목적이다. 지식과 학습에 관하여 교사가 지닌 인식론적 신념에 따라 수업설계에 관한 인식과 실천이 어떠한지 확인하고자 한다. Chan과 Elliott(2004)의 인식론적 신념 설문지를 활용하여 교사의 인식론적 신념 수준을 세련되고 정교한 신념과 미숙하고 단순한 신념, 혼합된 신념을 가진 교사 69명을 선정하였고, 수업설계모형에서 처방된 수업설계 활동 또는 과정에 근거하여 개발한 수업설계 설문지를 활용하여, 인식론적 신념 수준에 따른 수업 설계행위의 차이를 다양한 측면에서 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 수업설계의 기본가정에 관한 인식에 있어서, 세련되고 정교한 신념을 가진 교사와 혼합된 신념을 가진 교사가 미숙하고 단순한 신념을 가진 교사보다 수업설계에 대해 중요하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 인식론적 신념 수준에 따른 수업설계 실천 정도에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 인식론적 신념 수준에 따른 구체적인 수업설계 방법에 있어서, 구체적인 수업활동 설계방법과 학습평가 영역(학습평가 설계 시 고려하는 것, 학습평가의 역할, 구체적인 학습평가 설계방법)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이런 결과를 통해, 교사는 자신의 인식론적 신념을 인식하고 점검하는 데 관심을 가져야 하며, 교사들의 인식론적 신념이 좀 더 세련되게 발달할 수 있도록 연수프로그램도 제공되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 지식이나 학습의 본질에 기반 한 수업설계가 이루어져야 하며 여러 수업설계 기법의 전달보다 교사의 신념이 토대가 되는 수업설계에 관심을 가져야 할 것이다.

Abstract

The primary purpose of the study was to examine the differences between perception of instruction design, the extent of instruction design practice, and the concrete instruction design methods in comparison to the teacher's level of epistemological belief. The epistemological belief questionnaires developed by Chan and Elliott(2004) were used to choose 69 sophisticated, naive and mixed teachers. The instructional design questionnaires developed using some instructional design research and the systematic planning method of Reiser & Dick(1996). The questionnaires were used to obtain information on instructional design practice. The findings of this study were as follow: first, according to the level of epistemological belief, the perception of instructional design was different; second, the instructional design practice was not different; and third, according to the level of epistemological belief, the concrete instructional activity design and the evaluation design were different. With these results, the study proposes that epistemological belief have an important role to design the instruction. Therefore, epistemological belief should be included in teachers' training and the teacher should give this matter thought.

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