걱정의 통제 불능성/위험에 대한 부정적 신념과 시험불안의 관계: 경험 회피의 매개역할
The Relationship between Negative Beliefs about the Uncontrollability and Danger of Worry and Test Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance
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초록
본 연구는 시험불안과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀진 걱정의 통제 불능성/위험에 대한 부정적 신념이 시험불안에 영향을 미치는 구체적 기제를 밝히기 위하여 수행되었다. 선행 연구들과 정서장애에 대한 자기 조절적인 집행기능(self-regulatory executive function; Wells & Matthews, 1994, 1996) 모형을 토대로, 걱정의 통제 불능성/위험에 대한 부정적 신념과 시험불안 간의 관계를 경험 회피가 매개한다고 가정하는 두 가지 매개모형, 즉 부분매개모형과 완전매개모형이 상정되었다. 이 두 가지 매개모형들과 다른 두 대안모형들, 즉 단순효과모형과 증상모형을 비교 평가하기 위하여 대학생 405명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 구조방정식 모형 접근을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 부분매개모형과 완전매개모형 모두 수집된 자료에 잘 부합되었으며, 이 두 모형을 직접 비교한 결과, 전자가 후자에 비해 더 우수한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이와 달리, 단순효과모형과 증상모형은 둘 모두 지지되지 않았다. 부분매개모형에서 걱정의 통제 불능성/위험에 대한 부정적 신념은 시험불안에 대해 경험 회피의 매개를 통한 간접 효과에 비해 직접 효과가 약간 더 커 보였다. 이 결과들은 걱정의 통제 불능성/위험에 대한 부정적 신념과 시험불안의 관계를 설명하는데 있어 경험 회피의 매개역할을 지지하는 최초의 증거를 제공한다. 끝으로, 걱정의 통제 불능성/위험에 대한 부정적 신념 수준이 높은 젊은 성인들의 시험불안을 이해하고 예방 또는 치료하는데 있어 경험 회피를 중요하게 고려할 필요성이 있다는 관점에서 본 연구의 결과들에 관해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to shed light on the specific mechanism through which negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry influence test anxiety. Based on previous studies and the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model of emotional disorder (Wells and Matthews, 1994, 1996), partial and full mediation models in which experiential avoidance would mediate the relationship between negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry and test anxiety were proposed. In order to evaluate and compare the two mediation models and the alternative models, simple effects model and symptom model, structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used in a sample of 405 undergraduate students. SEM revealed that both partial and full mediation models fit the data well, and the former was superior to the latter. In contrast, neither the simple effects model nor the symptom model was supported. The direct effect of negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry seemed somewhat stronger than its indirect effect through mediation of experiential avoidance on test anxiety in the partial mediation model. These results provide the first empirical evidence of the mediating role of experiential avoidance in explaining the relationship between negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry and test anxiety in young adulthood. Results are discussed in terms of the need to consider experiential avoidance in understanding and preventing or treating test anxiety experienced by young adults with strong negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry.
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