걱정에 대한 부정적 신념과 일반화된 불안증상 간의 관계에서 경험적 회피의 매개효과
The Mediational Effect of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship between Negative Beliefs about Worry and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms
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초록
현대 심리학 이론들은 개인 자신의 내적 경험에 대한 부정적 평가와 그런 경험에 대한 억제 시도가 일반화된 불안장애의 발생과 유지과정에서 중요한 역할을 담당함을 강조한다. 이 이론들에 기초하여, 본 연구는 경험적 회피가 걱정에 대한 부정적 신념과 일반화된 불안증상 간의 관계를 매개할 것이라는 매개모형을 수립한 후 이 모형의 적합도를 구조방정식모형 접근법으로 검증하고자 두 가지 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 1에서는 횡단적 연구 패러다임을 사용하여 대학생 367명에게 상위인지 질문지, 수용-행위 질문지, 걱정불안 질문지를 실시한 후 자료를 수집하였다. 구조방정식 분석 결과, 경험적 회피는 걱정에 대한 부정적 신념과 일반화된 불안증상 간의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 연구 1의 결과가 다른 독립적인 표본을 대상으로 단기 종단적 패러다임을 사용하여 수집된 자료에서도 교차 타당화 되는지를 검증하기 위하여 연구 2를 수행하였다. 연구 2에서는 2주 간격으로 상위인지 질문지, 수용-행위 질문지 및 걱정불안 질문지를 반복 실시하였고, 1차와 2차 시기에 모두 응답한 257명을 대상으로 구조방정식 분석을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 연구 1과 동일하게, 경험적 회피는 걱정에 대한 부정적 신념과 일반화된 불안증상 간의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러, 다집단 분석 결과, 남녀집단 간에 부분매개모형의 구조동일성 및 완전 측정동일성이 지지되었다. 이러한 연구 결과들은 걱정에 대한 부정적 신념이 일반화된 불안증상에 대해 직접적인 효과 뿐 아니라 경험적 회피를 매개로 한 간접적인 효과를 미친다는 점을 시사한다.
Abstract
Contemporary psychological theories emphasize the importance of negative appraisal of one's own internal experience and deliberate attempts to suppress his experience in the etiology and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder. Based on them, the present study proposed a mediation model in which experiential avoidance would play a mediating role in the relationship between negative beliefs about worry and generalized anxiety symptoms. To evaluate goodness-of-fit of the mediation model, two studies were conducted with Korean undergraduate students and a structural equation modeling approach was used. In Study 1, a cross-sectional study, 367 undergraduate students completed an assessment battery consisting of the Korean versions of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire(MCQ)-30, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), and the Worry Anxiety Questionnaire(WAQ). The results of structural equation analysis revealed that experiential avoidance was a partial mediator in the relationship between negative beliefs about worry and generalized anxiety symptoms. Study 2 was designed to examine whether the results of Study 1 might be cross-validated in short-term longitudinal data collected from an independent undergraduate sample. 257 undergraduate students completed the Korean versions of the MCQ-30, the AAQ, and the WAQ twice at an interval of two weeks. The results of structural equation analysis showed that experiential avoidance partially mediated the relationship between negative beliefs about worry and generalized anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the results of multi-group analysis supported configural and full metric invariance of the partial mediational model across gender. These findings suggest that negative beliefs about worry influence generalized anxiety symptoms directly as well as indirectly, through mediation of experiential avoidance.
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