아동, 청소년기 사회불안의 측정: 한국판 청소년 사회불안척도(K-SAS-A)의 타당화
Psychometric Properties of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents(K-SAS-A) in Korea
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초록
이번 연구에서는 아동, 청소년을 대상으로 사회불안을 측정하는 한국판 청소년 사회불안척도의 신뢰도와 타당도(Korean version of Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents; K-SAS-A)를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 사회불안과 관련된 척도, 우울척도와 함께 또래가 평정한 사회 및 수행 불안을 초등학교 4-5학년과 중학교 1-2학년 및 고등학교 1-2학년에 재학 중인 아동, 청소년 1364명에게 실시하였다. 추가적으로 초, 중학교 재학 중인 청소년의 경우에는 부모 평정 사회불안 및 K-CBCL이 실시되었으며, 고등학교 재학생의 경우에는 K-YSR이 실시되었다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도 측정을 위해 6개월 후 1255명의 청소년이 K-SAS-A를 측정하였다. 신뢰도 분석 결과 K-SAS-A가 신뢰로우며, 6개월간의 기간 동안 비교적 안정적인 것으로 확인되었다. 요인분석 결과, ‘부정적인 평가에 대한 두려움’, ‘새로운 상황에 대한 회피와 불안’ 및 ‘일반적 사회 상황에 대한 회피와 불안’의 3개 요인이 추출되었다. 성별과 연령에 따른 사회불안 수준을 확인해 본 결과, 여자가 남자에 비해 그리고 중, 고등학생이 초등학생에 비해 더 높은 사회불안 수준을 보이고 있었다. 상관 분석 결과, K-SAS-A는 함께 측정된 사회불안 관련 변인들 및 우울과 정적인 상관을 보였다. 청소년 스스로가 평정한 K-SAS-A와 부모가 평정한 사회불안 및 또래가 평정한 사회불안 간에는 정적인 상관이 나오고 있었으며, 또래 평정이 부모 평정에 비해 상관계수가 상대적으로 더욱 큰 경향을 보였다. 마지막으로 이번 연구의 결과와 한계점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (K-SAS-A). A total of 1,364 students (758 boys and 606 girls) in grades 4-5, 7-8, and 10-11 completed the K-SAS-A, performance anxiety scale, K-CATS, depression scale (CES- DC), and sociometric nomination of social and performance anxiety. The parents of students in grades 4-5 and 7-8 also completed the K-SAS-A, adapted for use with parents, and the K-CBCL. The internal consistency of the K-SAS-A was high and the test-retest reliability over six months was acceptable. Factor analysis of the K-SAS-A revealed a three-factor structure (Fear of Negative Evaluation, Social Avoidance and Distress-New, and Social Avoidance and Distress-General), which was similar to that reported in previous studies preformed with the original scale. With regard to gender and age differences in social anxiety level, girls showed more social anxiety than boys, and students in grades 4-5 experienced less social anxiety than older adolescents. Correlation analyses revealed a positive correlation between the K- SAS-A and performance anxiety scales, including the K-CATS, and CES-DC. Parent- and peer-rated social anxiety were positively correlated with K-SAS-A scores. The overall results suggested that the K-SAS-A is reliable and valid for the assessment of social anxiety in children and adolescents. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with future research directions.
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