취약점 기능군 강조부분 변화시키기를 통한 취약점 완성하기 과제가 인지부하, 학습전이, 교수효율성에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Least-Abled Constituent Skills Completion Tasks in Least-Abled Sets Emphasis Manipulation on Cognitive Load, Learning Transfer, and Instructional Efficiency
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전체 과제는 기존 일반적인 과제 제시 방법에서 취약점 완성하기 과제로 제시하고 이에 대한 효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구문제는 사전지식이 형성되어 있는 학습자들이 복합적 학습을 수행할 때, 취약점을 기준으로 제시한 완성하기 과제가 인지부하, 학습전이, 교수효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지 살펴보는 것이다. 연구 대상은 강원도에 소재한 고등학교 1학년 2학년 학생 32명을 무작위 배분하여 두 집단으로 분류하였다(일반적인 과제, 취약점 완성하기 과제). 우선, 사전 검사를 통해 취약점을 확인했으며, 두 집단 모두 사전 검사 기반의 취약점 기능군의 학습을 진행했다. 단, 통제 집단은 기능군별 일반적인 과제를 수행했고, 처치 집단은 취약점 완성하기 과제를 수행했다. 집단의 인지부하, 학습전이, 교수효율성은 독립표본 t검증(t-test)을 통해 분석되었다. 연구 결과, 과제는 사전 검사로 확인된 지식을 제외하여 취약점 기능군별 학습 과제를 반복 수행하는 취약점 기능군 강조부분 변화시키기에 유의미한 영향이 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 인지부하 유형에 따른 내재적 인지부하, 외재적 인지부하, 본유적 인지부하 취약점 완성하기 과제 집단이 낮은 내재적 인지부하와 높은 본유적 인지부하가 나타났다. 더불어 과제에 적합한 난이도는 개별 사전지식에 따라 제공된 취약점 완성하기 과제가 학습자에게 적합한 과제 난이도를 제공하여, 주요 가설 검증에 영향을 미쳤음을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
This research verified the effects of the least-abled completion tasks instead of conventional whole tasks. Research questions identified whether the least-abled sets of completion tasks is effective on cognitive load, learning transfer, and instructional efficiency when learners with prior knowledge performs complex tasks. To examine the research questions, a quasi-experimental research was conducted. 32 participants in their first and second year of high school in Kangwon-do enrolled in the research. Subjects of the research were randomly assigned to one of two groups(Conventional tasks, The least-abled sets of completion tasks). All participants identified their least-abled sets of constituent skills through prior test, and both groups carried out learning process of the least-abled sets of constituent skills based on the results. However, controlled group carried out conventional tasks according to constituent skills. Experimental group carried out the least-abled sets of completion tasks. In order to analyze the results of cognitive load, learning transfer, and instructional efficiency, independent samples T-test was conducted. The results of analysis showed that the least-abled sets of completion tasks group showed significantly lower intrinsic cognitive load and higher germane cognitive load. In addition, the least-abled sets of completion tasks according to the prior test results suggested appropriate task difficulty.
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