원격교육 이론의 웹 기반 교육 설계에 대한 시사점 종합화를 위한 개념적 틀의 탐색
Theories of Distance Education and Exploration of its Implications for a Conceptual Framework of Designing Web-Based Instruction
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본 연구는 웹 기반 교육 설계를 위한 종합적인 개념적 틀을 주요 원격교육 이론에 대한 분석으로부터 재구성하고자 하였다. 웹 기반 교육이 기본적으로 원격교육의 특성을 지니고 있음에도 불구하고 지금가지 웹 기반 교육의 설계 전략에 대한 탐색은 대체로 학습이론, 교수매체로서 웹의 특성, 그리고 개별 교수설계 전략 차원에서 미시적으로 다루어져 왔다. 본 연구는 원격교육의 특성을 규명하는 ‘독립성 및 자율성 이론’, ‘교수의 산업화 이론’, ‘상호작용 및 의사소통이론’이 웹 기반 교육을 설계할 때 어떤 시사점을 제시할 수 있는가를 검토하고자 하였다. 개별 원격교육 이론들이 웹 기반 교육의 설계에 제시할 수 있는 시사점들을 도출하면서 전체적으로 이러한 시사점들을 종합화 할 수 있는 개념적 틀을 구성하였다. 이 틀은 크게 ‘학습자의 독립성과 자율성을 지원하기 위한 설계 조건의 분석’과 ‘교육 내용 설계’, ‘학습관리체제 설계’, ‘교수자 운영방법 설계’의 세 가지 ‘설계 영역’으로 구성된다. 결과적으로 주요 원격교육 이론에 대한 분석으로부터 종합적인 웹 기반 교육 설계 원칙에 포함되어야 하는 ‘설계의 조건’과 세 가지 필수적인 ‘설계 영역’을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 향후 각종 웹 기반 교육의 설계 시 한 가지 포괄적인 접근으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study intended to develop a framework of design strategies for Web-based instruction from the implications of distance education theories. From the theory of independence and autonomy, it is found that the design conditions for independence and autonomy of learners should be analyzed first for designing Web-based instruction. The design strategies for independence and autonomy make a benefit of the methods of self-directed learning, self-regulated learning, and the constructive learning environments. The industrialization of teaching theory implies that the standardization strategies and the division strategies can be applied for Web-based instruction. The standardization strategies suggest that the educational methods of Web-based instruction are standardized and learning objects are developed for the efficient development of Web-based instruction. The division strategies mean that the three areas of design, learning contents, learning management system, and tutor roles are divided to support the students' learning. It is found, from interactivity theory, that the whole six dimensions of interactivity should be reflected in the Web-based instruction. A framework was suggested to include all the implications of the theories, and it consists of two foundations: the design conditions and the design domains and strategies. The framework suggests that we should analyze the design conditions first to support the learners' autonomy, and design three domains of learning contents, course-management system, and tutor roles, where the effective design strategies for each area are selected and discussed.
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