성인학습자의 성취목표지향성 및 자기조절학습의 관계 연구: 성인 계속교육 학습자와 일반 대학생 간 비교
Study on the Relationship between Achievement Goal Orientation and Self-regulated Learning of Adult Learners: Comparing Adult Learners on Continuing Education Program with Undergraduate Students
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 성공적인 성인 학습을 위해 필수적인 요소라 할 수 있는 자기조절학습과 최근 새롭게 개념화된 2x2 요인 구조의 성취목표지향성 간의 관계를 파악하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 특히 계속교육을 받고 있는 30세 이상의 성인학습자와 20대 일반 대학 학부생을 비교함으로써 보다 명확하게 성인 계속교육 학습자의 특성을 파악하는데 초점을 두었다. 이를 위하여 J원격대학원을 통해 계속교육에 참여하고 있는 학습자와 교직과정을 듣고 있는 학부생을 대상으로 한 학기동안의 수업을 바탕으로 한 자기조절학습과 성취목표지향성에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성인 계속교육 학습자는 숙달접근목표지향성이 가장 높은 반면, 학부생은 수행접근목표가 가장 높았고 통계적으로도 성인 계속교육 참여 집단의 수행접근목표와 수행회피목표가 유의미하게 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 자기조절학습 측면에서는 성인 계속교육 학습자는 과제가치와 정교화, 메타인지와 같은 심층적 학습전략 사용이 높은 반면, 일반 대학생은 자기효능감, 시간관리, 도움구하기 전략이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 자기조절학습과 성취목표지향성간의 상관관계를 보면 숙달접근목표가 대부분의 자기조절학습의 하부 요인과 가장 유의미한 정적 상관이 있는 것은 유사하나 성인계속교육 학습자의 수행접근목표는 자원관리 전략과 상관이 없었고 숙달회피목표는 인지 및 메타인지전략과 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것에서 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 성취목표지향성이 자기조절학습에 미치는 영향력을 분석한 결과에서도 숙달접근목표의 영향력이 두 집단 모두에서 가장 컸고 수행접근은 자기효능감에 긍정적으로, 숙달회피는 자기효능감에 부정적으로 작용한 것도 공통적이었다. 그러나 성인계속교육 학습자에게 수행접근은 오직 자기효능감에만 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 일반 대학생에 비해 긍정적 영향력이 작았고 수행회피는 일반대학생에 비해 부정적 영향력이 더 크게 나타남으로써 전체적으로 성인 계속교육 집단에게 수행목표(접근, 회피)는 자기조절학습에 덜 적응적임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 성인계속교육 학습자에게 보다 효과적인 교수학습 환경을 조성하기 위한 방법을 제안하였다.
Abstract
This research was purposed to investigate the relationships between self-regulated learning and 2 x 2 goal orientation of adult learners. Specially, focusing on the comparing adult learners who took part in continuous educational program by on-line with undergraduate students on-campus. A survey about self-regulated learning and goal-orientation was conducted to the undergraduate students who attended teaching profession courses and adult learners who attended cyber graduate school. The research findings are as follows: The first, for the adult learners on continuous educational programs, the highest goal orientation was mastery-approach goal, and the scores of performance-approach and performance- avoidance goal were lower than undergraduates meaningfully. But for the undergraduates, the performance-approach goal was the highest. The second, the adult learners had higher scores on task value, elaboration and metacognitive strategies than undergraduates, but self-efficacy, time-management and help-seeking were lower than undergraduates. The third, mastery approach goal was the most positive correlations with self-regulated learning in two groups, but the adult learners in continuing educational program, performance-approach goal was not related with resource management strategies, mastery-avoidance goal was positively related with cognitive/meta cognitive strategies. The fourth, in two groups, mastery approach goal is the most influential predictor of all of the variables in self-regulated learning, and performance approach goal is positive predictor of self-efficacy, mastery- avoidance was negative predictor of self-efficacy. But for the adult learners in continuing education program, performance-approach goal was less adaptive, mastery-avoidance goal was more adaptive and performance-avoidance was more negative to self-regulated learning than those of undergraduate students. On the basis of these results, creating more effective learning environments for adult learners in continuing educational program were suggested.
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