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숙련된 교사의 수업설계 활동에 토대한 수업설계모형 개발

Development of descriptive instructional design model based on the expert teacher's instructional planning

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 숙련된 교사들의 실제 수업설계 활동 사례를 토대로 수업설계 모형을 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구는 2단계로 진행되었다. 첫 번째 단계에서는, 교육경험 및 수업역량이 뛰어난 6명의 초·중등 교사들을 대상으로 질적 사례연구방법의 일환으로 설문, 심층면담, 내용분석, 사고발화의 4가지 연구방법을 활용하여, 교사들의 수업설계 활동을 심층적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 교사들은 연간, 주간, 단원, 차시차원에서 수업을 설계하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 각 차원의 수업설계 활동들은 서로 연관 및 혼합되어 있었다. 따라서 교사들의 수업설계 활동을 각 수업설계 차원별로 구분하여 구체적인 설계의 요소, 과정, 방법, 요인들을 규명하였으며, 각각의 연계성도 확인하였다. 연간계획에서 교사들은 학년 초에 주로 연간 수업내용, 시수 배당, 평가를 공식적 문서의 형태로 설계하였다. 단원 및 주간계획에서, 초등 교사들은 주로 주간 수업내용의 범위, 순서, 시간(주간 시간표)을 설계하는 반면, 중등 교사들은 단원의 내용 진행순서, 시수결정, 학습지 개발에 집중하는 것으로 나타났다. 차시계획에서 교사들은 주로 차시수업의 활동과 자료 개발에 집중하였으며, 특히 차시계획은 수업 전, 중, 후에 걸쳐 동시 발생적이고 반복 순환적으로 설계활동이 이루어진다는 점이 확인되었다. 두 번째 단계에서는, 교사들의 수업설계 사례연구에서 도출된 결과를 개발연구 방법을 활용하여, 수업설계 활동에 관한 개념적 설계, 수업설계모형 프로토타입 개발, 프로토타입의 리뷰 및 수정 과정을 통해 최종 수업설계모형을 개발하였다. 최종 개발된 수업설계모형은 수업설계 차원별 상호연관성을 기술하는 모형, 연간 수업설계모형, 단원 및 주간 수업설계모형, 차시 수업설계모형이다.

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to develop the instructional design models based on expert teacher's instructional planning practices. To accomplish the goal, the study was implemented by the qualitative case study method and the developmental research approach. In the first stage, the expert teacher's instructional planning cases were concurrently collected and analyzed by using questionnaire, in-depth interview, instructional planning materials, and think-aloud protocol. The six expert teachers, 3 elementary school and 3 high school teachers, were participated in this qualitative case study. As a result, it was found that the expert teachers engaged in the three types of planning which were yearly planning, weekly or unit planning, and lesson planning. And these different dimensions or types of planning were interdependent and nested in one another. Consequently, expert teacher's planning practice was analyzed according to the dimensions of instructional planning, and determined the attributes of interdependence within that dimensions. In the second stage, using the developmental research approach, the results of case study were modeled for the development of instructional design models that was to reflected the expert teachers' planning practices. The instructional design models developed through conceptual design, prototype, review, and revise process. Lastly, the study developed four types of instructional design models for representation of the interconnections of planning, yearly planning, unit or weekly planning, and lesson planning.

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