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웹기반 협력학습에서 학습자특성과 학습자 간 상호작용이 학습성과에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Learner's Traits and Interactions on Web-Based Collaborative Learning Outcomes

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 웹기반 협력학습 성과에 대한 학습자특성의 영향력과 학습자 간 상호작용의 매개역할을 규명하고자 서울 소재 E 대학 웹기반 협력학습에 참여한 52명을 대상으로 진행되었다. 학습자 성격특성(외향성, 수용성, 성실성)과 자기효능감이 학습자특성 변인으로, 학습자간 상호작용(관계지향-수신, 관계지향-발신, 과제지향-발신, 과제지향-수신)을 매개변인으로, 학습만족도와 개인과제와 그룹과제를 합산하여 산출한 학업성취도는 학습성과 변인으로 측정되었다. 연구결과, 웹기반 협력학습에서 자기효능감은 성취도와 만족도 모두를 강력하게 예측하였으나, 수용성은 학업성취도에 부정적인 영향을 미치고, 성실성은 학습만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 상호작용의 매개적 역할 측면에서는, 관계지향 발신과 관계지향 수신, 그리고 과제지향 발신 상호작용이 자기효능감과 학업성취도 간의 관계를 매개하고 있음이 입증되었다. 이상의 결과는 웹기반 협력학습에서 학습자 성격과 자기효능감과 같은 학습자특성에 민감한 상호작용 전략이 제공되어야함을 시사하며, 자기효능감은 학업성취도에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 관계·과제 지향 상호작용을 통해 간접적으로도 영향을 미치는 바, 상호작용의 인지적 측면뿐 아니라 심리·사회적 측면에서의 촉진 필요성을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

Web-based Collaborative Learning (WBCL) is defined as a set of processes that help small group members to share and generate information together with Web resources to accomplish a specific common learning goal. Despite the benefits of WBCL, it is not necessarily effective for every learner, because effectiveness can differ according to each individual's traits. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the effects of personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and self-efficacy as learner's traits on interactions and outcomes in WBCL. For this study, Big Five Inventory (BFI), Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), interaction analysis tools (contents and social network analysis), achievement scores and an academic satisfaction questionnaire were used. Data were collected from 52 students who took an online course in a university located in Seoul, Korea and were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. As a result, agreeableness negatively predicted achievement, and conscientiousness negatively predicted satisfaction. Extraversion, however, did not predict achievement, self-efficacy did predict achievement and the frequency of interactions (sending and receiving relationship-oriented messages, sending task-oriented messages). The frequency of interaction mediates self-efficacy and achievement. Self-efficacy did predict satisfaction as well, but the frequency of interaction did not mediate self-efficacy and satisfaction. These results showed that learners’traits and interactions influence WBCL outcomes. In conclusion, this study suggests that the WBCL system should be designed to accommodate different personality and motivational traits to promote greater interaction between learners.

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