컴퓨터 기반 협력학습에서 공유정신모형 형성을 위한 사전훈련 유형의 효과
The Effects of the Pre-Training Types on Process and Outcomes of Collaboration in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning
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이 연구의 목적은 컴퓨터 기반 협력학습에서 학습자들의 공유정신모형 형성을 촉진하기 위한 사전훈련의 유형이 협력의 과정(협력 부하 발생 정도, 협력 과정 만족도, 집단 응집성)과 성과(산출물의 질)에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 사전훈련의 유형은 과제의 내용에 따라 구분하였으며, 과제의 내용은 공유정신모형의 구성요소에 대한 개념적 모형을 근거로 1) 과업관련 공유정신모형(Task Related Shared Mental Model: 이하 TSMM) 형성 지원과 2) 팀웍관련 공유정신모형(Team Related Shared Mental Model: 이하 TWSMM) 형성 지원으로 구분하였다. TSMM 집단에게는 과업의 내용과 밀접하게 관련된 개념도 작성 활동을, TWSMM 집단에게는 팀원들에 대한 이해와 공동의 태도, 신념 등을 형성하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 개념도 작성 활동을 유도하였다. 연구의 대상은 대학생 55명이었으며, 처치의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 협력부하, 협력과정, 협력성과에서 나타난 차이를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 전반적으로 TSMM 집단이 TWSMM 집단에 비하여 협력부하 발생 정도가 낮았고, 특히 협력 초기에 나타난 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 협력 과정 만족도에서 나타난 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나, 의사소통 이해도와 집단응집성, 산출물의 질적 수준에서 TSMM 집단이 유의하게 더 높았다. 이 결과를 통하여 과업과 관련된 공유정신모형의 형성을 촉진하는 사전훈련의 제공이 학습자들의 협력의 과정이 원활하게 이루어질 수 있도록 도우며, 협력 성과를 증진시키는 데 도움이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine what type of pre-training, which promotes the learners' construction of Shared Mental Model(SMM), would contribute to the process and outcome of collaboration. We identified two types of pre-training: 1) Task-related SMM construction support(TSMM group); 2) TeamWork-related SMM construction support(TWSMM group). Then, we analyzed difference in the process and outcome of learning among collaborative learning groups that experienced a different types of pre-training. Variables analyzed in the process were the level of collaboration load, communication understanding, satisfaction with the process of collaboration, group coherence, and quality of outcome. According to the results of the analysis, there was partially statistically significant difference between the TSMM group and the TWSMM group. In the level of collaboration load, communication understanding, group coherence, and quality of outcome, the TSMM group’s score was significantly higher than TWSMM group's score.
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