경영수업에서 문제중심학습을 적용한 사례연구
Case Study: Problem-Based Learning in Business Education
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초록
본 연구는 조직구조론이라는 경영수업 교과목을 통해 교육공학분야에서 주목받고 있는 PBL방식의 교수법을 적용한 것을 사례분석하여 제시함으로써 경영학 분야에 PBL 도입에서의 절차, 효과, 적용가능성과 범위 및 한계점 등을 통합적으로 제안하는 것을 연구목적으로 수행되었다. 먼저 수업시간에 사용할 문제를 개발하기 위해 2명의 사범대학교 교육학과 상업교육전공 대학원생들과 함께 PBL 세미나를 5회 가진 후, 한 학기 동안 다루어야 할 학습내용을 적용해서 풀 수 있는 문제를 연구자가 3개 개발하고, 이를 세미나에 참여했던 대학원생 2명과 실무에서 PBL을 적용하여 직원들을 교육한 경험이 있는 경영학부 박사과정 학생 1명으로부터 비구조화, 실제성, 관련성, 복잡성 측면에서의 타당성을 검토 받았다. 다음으로 문제중심의 수업을 진행하기 위해 수업 첫 주에 동영상과 관련자료들을 통해 PBL방식의 교수법과 수업운영방식, 그리고 학생들이 평가받는 방식에 대해 설명하였다. 2주 강의, 10일 자율 팀 활동 그리고 발표로 한 달에 하나의 문제를 해결하도록 강의일정을 설계하였다. 최종 등록한 18명 수강생들의 학업성취도는 조직이 성장함에 따라 경험하게 될 조직설계 변화의 문제를 다룬 3개의 시나리오를 읽고 이를 해결하기 위한 효과적 조직구조를 제시한 것으로 평가하였고, 학생들의 수업에 대한 몰입도를 높이기 위해 동료평가 항목도 반영되었다. 본 수업방식의 주요 효과성은 학생들의 설문응답과 강의평가를 바탕으로 분석하였다. 사례분석결과, 기존의 논문에서 보고된 문제중심학습의 교수법이 학생들의 기초개념에 대한 이해뿐만 아니라 이를 응용한 개념화 및 추론능력, 창의력, 자기 주도적 학습능력, 협동력 그리고 리더십 등을 육성하는데 기여하고 있음을 발견하였다. 또한 팀 활동보고서와 성찰일지와 같은 문서를 작성하는 활동들이 학생들의 생각을 구체화하고 정교하게 만드는 것에 기여하고 있다는 것을 발견한 것에 의의가 있다. 한편 경영학분야에서 PBL을 활용한 교수법이 확산되기 위해 고려해야 할 요소들과 본 연구의 한계점을 결론 및 함의에 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide integrative suggestions regarding the procedures, effects, applicability, scope and limitations of problem-based learning (PBL) in the context of teaching business management by presenting a case analysis from a course on organizational design. After holding five PBL seminars with two graduate students from the college of education, then I developed three potential problems to be solved using PBL approach by undergraduate enrollees in the semester-long organizational design class. Two graduate students engaged in previous PBL seminars and one Ph. D candidate from the college of business school evaluated non-structuration, reality, relevance, and complexity of three potential problems. In the first week of the study, I explained the pedagogical approach and teaching methods of PBL and evaluation of student performance through the use of video recordings as well as other matters of relevance. The class design, which required students to solve one problem each month, included 2 weeks of lectures and 10 days of autonomous team activities and presentations. After reading about situations faced by organizations implementing the changes necessary to overcome internal and external treats, students submitted solutions for each problem in the scenarios. Academic achievement of the 18 students was measured by peer- and professor-rated evaluations. The effectiveness of PBL teaching method was measured by subjective student responses collected by educational development institution and the student course evaluation. Results of the study suggested that the use of PBL approach contributed to student development in the area of conceptualization, reasoning ability, creativity, self-directed learning, cooperation and leadership and other basic skills. Furthermore, students’ writing, including reports about the activities of their teams and reflective journals, appeared to refine and expand ideas pertaining to PBL-related material. The Caveats and limitations of this case study are addressed in the Conclusions.
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