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한국판 반추적 반응 척도(K-RRS)의 타당화 연구

Validation of the Korean-Ruminative Response Scale(K-RRS)

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참고문헌

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 Nolen-Hoeksema와 Morrow(1991)가 개발한 반추적 반응 척도(Ruminative Response Scale)를 우리말로 번안하여 요인구조를 확인하고, 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 대학생 집단 360명을 대상으로 K-RRS를 실시하여 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 요인구조를 살펴보았으며, 그 결과 ‘자책’과 ‘숙고’ 및 ‘우울반추’의 3요인이 도출되었다. 또한 신뢰도와 타당도를 살펴본 결과 Cronbach α와 문항-총점 계수, 검사-재검사 신뢰도 모두에서 우수한 내적 합치도를 보였다. 더불어 우울, 부정적인 사고 및 특성 불안과 유의한 정적 상관관계를 보이고 있었으며, 긍정적인 사고 내용과는 부적 상관관계를 보이고 있어 구성 타당도도 적합한 것으로 보인다. 한편, 반추의 하위 구성 개념 중 ‘자책’과 ‘우울반추’ 요인이 긍정적인 사고 내용과 부적인 상관을 보이고 있었던 데 비해 ‘숙고’ 요인은 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않고 있어 반추가 내용적으로 구분되는 하위 구성 개념들로 구성된다는 기존의 개념이 지지되었다. 또한 BDI와 K-RRS문항 간의 내용상의 혼입을 확인하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 두 척도가 별도의 요인으로 구성되는 것으로 나타나 우울반추가 우울증상과는 구분되는 인지적인 대처방식일 수 있음이 시사되었다. 한편, 대학생 집단에서 성별 간 우울 수준에 차이가 없었음에도 불구하고 K-RRS를 통해 측정된 여성의 반추 수준이 남성에 비해 유의하게 더 높은 것으로 나타나, 반추에서의 성차에 대한 기존의 가설이 확인되었다. 결론적으로 K-RRS는 우울의 인지적 특성인 반추를 신뢰롭고 타당하게 측정할 수 있는 도구로 생각된다. 또한 요인분석을 통해 밝혀진 하위 구성 개념을 바탕으로 우울의 지속 및 악화와 관련되는 인지적인 요인을 더욱 명확화 하여 추후 우울증에 대한 이해와 치료에 유용한 도구로 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Abstract

Rumination has been considered as a cognitive vulnerability factor, playing a prominent role in the onset, maintenance and aggravation of subsequent depressive symptoms. The Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) is a widely-known self-applied measurement of rumination. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of RRS (K-RRS) in non-clinical samples as well as the scale's validity. An exploratory factor analysis of a sample of undergraduates (n=360) yielded a three factor structure: ‘self-reproach’, ‘reflection’, and ‘depressive rumination’. The K-RRS was found to have good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In addition, it had appropriate construct validity with a significant positive correlation with depression, trait anxiety and negative thought content. However, it had a negative correlation with positive thought content. Although the ‘self-reproach’ and ‘depressive rumination’ factors exhibited negative correlations with positive thought content, the correlation between the ‘reflection’ factor and positive thought content was not significant. Results confirmed that rumination consisted of classifiable sub-constructs. Further, we combined BDI and K-RRS items and conducted an exploratory factor analysis in order to identify confounding items. Each questionnaire consisted of different factors and therefore, it was assumed that depressive rumination might have been a distinguishable construct from depressive symptoms. Although there were no significant gender differences with respect to depression, female participants exhibited higher scores on the K-RRS, suggesting that women are more easily tend to cope with a depressive mood using ruminative responses than men. In conclusion, the K-RRS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing ruminative responses. Furthermore, sub-constructs of the K-RRS would be useful in clarifying the more refined cognitive aspects of depression.

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