지능검사 데이터의 분석에 근거한 초등학교 영재학생의 출현 비율 추정
An Empirical Study for Estimating the Ratio of Gifted Students on the Basis of IQ Test Data
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본 연구의 목적은 초등학생들의 지능검사 결과를 기반으로 한 영재집단의 구분 가능성을 탐색해 보고, 그 결과를 토대로 영재학생의 출현비율 추정 및 영재교육대상자를 선정하기 위한 기준을 설정해 보는 것이었다. 우선 지능검사 결과를 기반으로 한 잠재적 영재집단의 비율을 추정해 보기 위해 서울·경기 지역의 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생 1,012명을 대상으로 KU-BPT 검사를 실시한 후, 본 지능검사에서 제시한 3개의 소검사 점수, 즉 언어, 수리, 공간영역 점수를 요인으로 한 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 실시하였다. 그리고 지능지수(IQ)를 기반으로 한 영재판별 기준을 설정하고 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 통해 확인된 잠재집단을 바탕으로 ROC 분석을 하여 영재의 출현비율에 따른 영재교육대상자 선정기준(Cut-off Value)을 도출해 보고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 통해 확인된 3개의 잠재집단 가운데 가장 높은 수준의 지능검사 결과를 보여준 집단을 영재집단으로 추정해 보았을 때, 이들은 전체 학생의 약 5.6%에 해당되었다. 둘째, 단일지표인 지능지수(IQ)를 활용한 ROC 분석을 통해 확인된 영재집단과 일반학생집단을 구분해 주는 Cut-off Value는 IQ 111.5로 나타났으며, 이를 영재교육대상자 선정을 위한 기준으로 삼을 경우 전체 일반학생집단의 약 9.58%를 선정하게 되는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to estimate the ratio of gifted children through an empirical analysis of the results of IQ test on elementary school students, and also to find the concrete criteria for identifying gifted children. For these purpose, the following two research questions had to be answered. Research Questions 1. Explore the ratio and characteristics of potential groups of gifted individuals through the latent profile analysis(LPA) results. Research Questions 2. For the ROC analyses, the selection criteria for gifted children are established based on the IQ and examine the validity of the results. In order to estimate the ratio of gifted students based on the intelligence test results, KU-BPT test was conducted on 1,012 elementary school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The latent profile analysis(LPA) was conducted based on the scores of the three sub-tests from this IQ Test: languagistic, mathematic and spatial. Based on the gifted groups identified by the latent profile analysis(LPA), tests the cut-off value for selecting gifted students by the ROC analysis. The grouping results based on the IQ test-based identification and the teacher's subjective rating on the intellectual giftedness of students were compared. The results of the study are as follows: First, Through the latent profile analysis(LPA) on the IQ test results, we could identify the gifted group, which accounted for about 5.6% of the total students group. Second, Through the ROC analysis, for finding the concrete criteria in selecting students for gifted education program, the cut-off value expressed as IQ was 111.5, which turned out to include about 9.58% of the total students group in gifted education program.
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