백제 한성시기 流民의 발생과 對民支配의 양상

Abstract

According to the Baekje Bongi (百濟本紀) in the 『Samguk Sagi (三國史記)』, besides political exile, the wave of refugees mainly occurred when people were deprived of secure lives by physical toil from wars and natural disasters such as droughts, floods, disease, and insect plagues. These refugees would become groups of roamers or bandits disturbing the social order of a country. Of course, there were people who crossed over the border to Goguryeo(高句麗) or Silla(新羅). The appearance of these refugees, on the stance of rulers of the country, would mean the rulers’ misunderstanding and lack of control of the situations of the country, and cause the loss of the source of imposing taxation and conscripting soldiers. In order to avoid losing the sources but support the domestic production, during the Hansung period, Baekje implemented the Jinhyul (賑恤, relief for farmers) policy and encouraged an agricultural development policy. In other words, Baekje provided relief to the people through confirmation of land registration and tax reduction as direct benefits. Also, Baekje reorganized the regional government system in order to reinforce the control over the people; it prevented the increase of roamers or bandits, and secured sufficient tax income. Baekje’s capability of governing and controlling the people is not considered inferior to that of Goguryeo and Silla. From the early Hansung period, Baekje proved its self-management and self-protection capability as one of the developed ancient countries through a diverse governing system. Due to the lack of historical records, I regret that further sophisticated analysis of these records could not be performed. Historical records in the Hansung period might have been destroyed or omitted. The source written in the 『Samguk Sagi』 cannot show all phases of the Three Kingdom period. Therefore, we need to pay more attention to creating a picture of the situation of Baekje with the limited information written in the 『Samguk Sagi』.