근세후기 江戸語의 명령표현에 나타나는 대우표현과 사용 양상 -『浮世風呂』와『春色梅児誉美』를 중심으로-

Abstract

As a part of the major theme that explores how modern Japanese has been developed into a standard language, this study covers the actual conditions in former times in order to understand the progress in forming standard Japanese. Focusing on command representation among sentence-final expressions of the Edo language in the late modern era, this paper examined the social relationships between speakers and listeners in『ukiyoburo』and『umegoyomi』. Data analysis shows that the commands represented in the colloquial sentences of『ukiyoburo』and『umegoyomi』were closely connected with a speaker’s gender, age or status. As well, as different forms were used depending on psychological distance between speakers and listeners or colloquial scenes. The most common command forms in the latter period of Edo were the「nasai系(system)」and「動詞連用形(verb’s yeonyong form)＋na系(system)」, but it turns out that there also were limits in using these forms. With regards to「nasai系」, there were no examples showing use by children. Women using this form were from the middle and lower classes and did not show the illustrative sentences showing as used by high-class women.「動詞連用形(verb’s yeonyong form)＋な系(system)」was unequally used by young people. The use of「お＋連用形(yeonyong form」with prefix <o> was limited to women except for one example of man’s use in『ukiyoburo』, without illustrative sentences showing use by women from the lower class. Considering the form of「kudasai」 in the latter period of Edo, it was mostly used with the adverb <douzo>, and it might have been used for a request rather than a command. Forms such as「o+ verb’s yeonyong form」or「ya, yare」,「tari」,「nansi」,「sassi」and「asobase」are no longer used in modern standard Japanese, but it is necessary to examine afterwards when those command forms disappeared.