고고유산의 효율적 보존 관리를 위한 제언 - ‘고고유산의 보호와 관리 헌장’의 원칙을 중심으로-

Abstract

The 「Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage」 is the only international charter for archaeological heritage, and it proclaims important principles related to the protection, investigation and conservation of archaeological heritage. Archaeological heritage is a product left by humans in the past, and should be protected, managed, and passed down so that the present and future generations can study them. The principles proclaimed in this charter contain the value to be applied mutatis mutandis in Korea, and efforts are being made to uphold these principles through laws and systems including the 「Act on the Protection and Investigation of Buried Cultural Properties」. Archaeological heritage has a characteristic that once destroyed, it is difficult to restore to its original state. Therefore, excavation is restricted by law, and it is institutionalized so that investigations are conducted to a minimum only in unavoidable cases. In principle, excavated sites should be covered and preserved in situ, but relocation for purposes such as adaptive reuse is permitted. The restoration of archaeological heritage must be carried out carefully based on thorough historical evidence. However, it cannot be said that the principles of protection and management of archaeological heritage are properly applied in Korea. In particular, for excavated sites, measures such as in situ preservation, relocation preservation, and record preservation are being taken. Most of the sites are taken as records of investigation, and only a few are preserved locally or moved to another location. However, post-management of the preserved sites is not done properly. In the future, it is necessary to minimize the damage to the value of heritage by preparing measures to maintain the authenticity and integrity of the site and to protect its value as much as possible. In the future, it is expected that the protection and management system of archaeological heritage in Korea will be established through active discussions on conservation principles and application methods suitable for our reality as well as meeting international standards regarding the protection and management of archaeological heritage.