In Vitro Studies on the Role of Zinc Oxide in the Development of Aspergillus Fumigatus Biofilm on Nasal Epithelial Cells
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Background and Objectives Fungal biofilm is commonly found in non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Previous endodontic maxillary teeth treatments have increased fungus ball developmentin the maxillary sinus. We sought to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO), the maincomponent of endodontic sealers, on developing the Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms on primaryhuman nasal epithelial cells. Subjects and Method Primary human nasal epithelial cells were cultured with A. fumigatusspores with (1 and 3 μg/mL) or without ZnO for 72 h. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and transforminggrowth factor (TGF)-β1 levels in cultural supernatant were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. ZnO’s effects on the formation of A. fumigatus biofilm were determinedusing crystal violet, safranin, concanavalin A staining, and confocal scanning lasermicroscopy. Results IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β1 protein levels in primary human nasal epithelial cells increasedsignificantly by A. fumigatus exposure. During coculturing with ZnO and A. fumigatus,biofilm dry weight, crystal violet, safranin, and concanavalin A staining intensity increasedwith time. On the other hand, ZnO did not enhance A. fumigatus biofilm formation. Conclusion A. fumigatus biofilm formation increased in the presence of primary human nasalepithelial cells. However, in vitro study, ZnO alone did not influence or aggravate biofilm formationin sinonasal mucosa.
Abstract
Background and Objectives Fungal biofilm is commonly found in non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Previous endodontic maxillary teeth treatments have increased fungus ball developmentin the maxillary sinus. We sought to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO), the maincomponent of endodontic sealers, on developing the Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms on primaryhuman nasal epithelial cells. Subjects and Method Primary human nasal epithelial cells were cultured with A. fumigatusspores with (1 and 3 μg/mL) or without ZnO for 72 h. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and transforminggrowth factor (TGF)-β1 levels in cultural supernatant were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. ZnO’s effects on the formation of A. fumigatus biofilm were determinedusing crystal violet, safranin, concanavalin A staining, and confocal scanning lasermicroscopy. Results IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β1 protein levels in primary human nasal epithelial cells increasedsignificantly by A. fumigatus exposure. During coculturing with ZnO and A. fumigatus,biofilm dry weight, crystal violet, safranin, and concanavalin A staining intensity increasedwith time. On the other hand, ZnO did not enhance A. fumigatus biofilm formation. Conclusion A. fumigatus biofilm formation increased in the presence of primary human nasalepithelial cells. However, in vitro study, ZnO alone did not influence or aggravate biofilm formationin sinonasal mucosa.
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