‘교학상장(敎學相長)’의 의미 논쟁과 전용에 관한 소고(小考)

Abstract

This paper is a brief review of the controversy and appropriation of the meaning of the Jiao-Xue-Xiang-Zhang(敎學相長; Teaching-andLearning-Raise-Up-Each-Other). Jiao-Xue-Xiang-Zhang is very important in the educational tradition of Confucianism. In a modern educational sense, it can be understood as a principle of mutual dependence and promotion of the two activities of ‘teaching’ and ‘learning’, or a dialectical relationship between teachers and students that complements and encourages each other. Therefore, it is widely used in educational ideology and practice. However, if you do not clearly understand the original meaning of ‘Learning by Teaching’, it is easy to end up with a superficial understanding. The reason why the meaning of ‘Learning by Teaching’ is misused is due to the simple interpretation of the Chinese character ‘Sang(相)’ as ‘each other’. ‘Sang(相)’ has several meanings: ‘imposing the same action between two people/one of the two having a unilaterally influential relationship with the other and applying an action to the other/The one who has influence among many people acts sequentially and establishes a relationship/The two do not exert unilateral influence on the other person, continue a mutually respectful parallel relation-ship and handle the same work on their own’. Considering this point of view, the 'Learning by Teaching' has been debated in three dimensions from an educational point of view: First, the interaction between teacher and student; second, the interaction of teaching and learning of the teacher as a subject; third the interaction of teaching and learning of the student as a subject. Therefore, the original meaning of ‘Learning by Teaching’ has been diverted into various meanings depending on the times and circumstances according to a modern educational point of view.