제도변화에 따른 재정조정제도의 형평화 효과 분석

Abstract

Local governments are required to secure a minimum level of funding to provide public services. However, as population, economic and environmental conditions differ from one local government to the other, there is a difference in the re-regulation power such as revenue and expenditure. As a system to adjust the situation, Korea is using the financial adjustment system. It is used as a means of balancing the re-adjustment power of local governments through various resources such as education tax and adjustment subsidy. The main purpose of this study was to verify that changes in the financial coordination system achieved the intended policy objectives. In detail, it verifies equilibrium effect changes causing by each detailed system about the usual education tax which contributes the vertical equilibrium between central and regional areas and adjustment subsidy which contributes the horizontal equilibrium between metropolitan council and local government. For this, we assort characters of financial resources and analyzed each equilibrium effects according the change in Gini coefficient. As a result, First, it was analyzed that the budget size among local governments tends to be more unbalanced. In particular, the increase in the imbalance between tax sources showed a relatively large impact, indicating that local governments ' self-help efforts were very important. Second, considering metropolitan city, province, city, county(gun) and borough(gu), although the usual education tax aims for equilibrium effects, it is analyzed that actual effects of the usual education tax is not enough to achieve the expected level of equilibrium effects. In particular, changes in the Gini coefficient have been shown to be relatively large since it was first introduced but it is not enough to relax the imbalance causing by local government’s finance. In addition, in case of county(gun), the adjustment subsidy system is distributing to aim of certain effect. However, in case of city or borough(gu), the effect is not working well. That is, there is a limitation to judge that education tax and adjustment subsidy have effect according with policy changes through the financial adjustment system. In particular, it indicates that including adjustment subsidy distribution details into the way of education tax computation offsets its effect, so that, it need to be considered for improvement. Third, the total amount of subsidy comprises relatively huge part among various financial resources of local governments and Gini coefficient indicates unequal effect. However, in case of city or borough(gu), the imbalance is not relatively large and indicates equilibrium level, so, it has limitation to judge that the gap between local governments is decreasing in terms of the composition of finance. In sum, considering the synthesis of study’s result, education tax and adjustment subsidy which are the key components of the financial adjustment system are connected to equilibrium effect. However, in recent years, it found that there is limitation to relax the imbalance causing by local government’s own financial resources. Not only minimizing the problem of duplicated inclusion between education tax and adjustment subsidy, but also it need a new improvement in distribution formula for the performance of financial adjustment mechanism. In addition, subsidy can offset key components of the financial adjustment system by taking a relatively large part in financial resources. It requires the effort of management for efficient financial expenses by making clear a standard of subsidy’s distribution.