경도인지장애 환자의 수면무호흡증과 주의력 결함 및 전두엽 실행기능 특성
Attention Deficits and Frontal Executive Functions in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Apnea
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초록
본 연구는 경도인지장애(Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) 환자에서 수면무호흡증(Sleep Apnea Syndrome, SAS) 위험수준에 따른 인지기능 결함 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 구체적으로, SAS 고/저 위험도에 따라 MCI 환자군과 정상노인 대조군을 나눈 뒤, 네 집단에 대해 전산화된 주의력 검사(시각 탐색 과제, 연속 수행 과제)와 전두엽 실행기능 검사(선추적 검사, 스트룹 검사, 단어유창성 검사)를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, MCI 환자군에서 SAS 위험도에 따른 주의력 검사의 수행 차이가 관찰된 반면, SAS 위험도에 따른 전두엽 실행기능 검사의 수행 차이는 통계적으로 유의하게 관찰되지 않았다. 특히, SAS가 주의력의 경우 MCI 환자군에서 정상노인 대조군보다 더욱 심한 결함을 초래한 반면, 전두엽 실행기능의 경우 정상노인 대조군에서 MCI 환자군보다 더욱 심한 결함을 초래하였다. 이 결과는 SAS가 MCI 환자와 정상노인에서 인지기능의 악화요인으로 작용할 수 있으므로, 이에 대한 평가와 치료적 개입이 중요함을 시사한다. MCI 환자의 SAS에 대한 국내 연구가 별로 없는 상황에서, MCI 환자를 대상으로 SAS 위험도에 따른 인지기능 결함 특성에 관한 실험적인 연구를 했다는 점에서 본 연구가 의의를 지닌다고 볼 수 있다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 제한점과 추후 연구를 위한 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examined cognitive deficits in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) and sleep apnea syndrome(SAS). Specifically, each of the MCI and control group was divided into high/low SAS risk groups, and they were subjected to two computerized attention tests, including a visual search task and a continuous performance test. In addition, the four groups were subjected to several frontal executive function tests, including a trail making test, a stroop test, and a word fluency test. As a result, while the SAS level significantly affected several attention indices in the MCI group, it did not significantly affected measures of frontal executive function tests. More importantly, SAS had a greater impact on attention deficits in the MCI group than in the control group, whereas it had greater impact on frontal executive functions in the control group than in the MCI group. These results suggest the importance of corresponding evaluation and medical intervention since SAS might act as a deteriorating factor of cognitive functions for both in MCI patients and normal elderlies. Given that there hasn't been many researches in SAS with MCIs in Korea, this study has significance for experimental research with respect to the characteristics of cognitive deficits and SAS risk in MCI patients, Finally, limitations of this study and directions of future research were discussed.
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