고려·조선시대 도자기의 蓮華文 연구

Abstract

A Study of the Lotus Flower Pattern in the Ceramics during the Goryeo and the Joseon Dynasties Jo, Won Gyo National Museum of Korea The lotus flower appears in various patterns and occupies an overwhelming proportion among the patterns on ceramics of the Goryeo and the Joseon Dynasties (before the Imjin War) as well as in other historical and cultural heritages : lacquerworks of the mother-of-pearl inlay, paintings, metal craftworks, tiles etc. Its shape is divided into the cases of closely resembling the appearance of a natural ecology and the other case of the active expression of gi(氣, aura, strength, ability, energy, and vitality) and hwasaeng(化生, purified energy, expression of life, and the progress of the process). In the current academic world, the latter is called the dangchomun(唐草文, arabesque pattern) or the indongmun(忍冬文, honeysuckle pattern, also known as Palmette in the West), not the lotus pattern. I think that the positve manifestation of gi and hwasaeng represents the various forms of lotus petals. At first, the petals are thin and short, but they grow long especially with rhythmic vines. And the vines are often repeated in succession. In current achademic researches, the small or large the lotus pattern with vines is regarded as a simple combination of two different patterns and vine patterns : lotus flower patterns and vine patterns. Or it is at the level of understanding that it is a rhythmic expression of the lotus flower In addition, although it is obviously a lotus flower pattern in the ceramics of this period, there are definitely misplaced patterns that are called as a peony pattern, a chrysanthemum pattern(菊花文), a bosanghwamun(寶相華文, floral medallion motif pattern), or a ruyi design(如意頭文). Among them, the lotus flower pattern which became the flower-tree form by separating the lotus petals and the lotus leaves is mistaken for the peony blossom pattern. Our ancestors thoroughly understood and expressed various kinds of the lotus patterns as well as their charateristics, the strength and weakness of gi and hwasaeng and depicted location, and succeeded them. The various lotus flower pattern (including the originals) in the ceramics of this period is not related to the symbolic flower of Buddhism that was either imported from China or introduced with Buddhism. It is a unique expression that has already developed within Korean own borders from the Neolithic and the Bronze Ages and that has been spread widely to a very delicate and exquisite level with our universal and inherent belief and tradition. Keywords : gi(氣·氣運, aura, strength, ability, energy, and vitality), hwasaeng(化生, purified energy, expression of life, and the progress of the process), yeonhwahwasaeng(蓮華化生, a change of life progressing in lotus), lotus flower pattern(蓮華文), lotus pattern with vines