董其昌 『畵眼』에 나타난 陰陽對待 현상 고찰

Abstract

‘Spirit’ refers to the stage that comprehends the process that the Changes move and communicate with the cause of the world and is the term that explains the changing principle of yin and yang the most fundamentally. Dong Qichang regarded expressing the principle of spirit through yin and yang as an artistic view of the world and continuously expressed it in his painting theory. In other words, he considered realizing ‘drawing spirit through shape’ in art works as the view of creating principle of paintings that he had to pursue. ‘Conveying the spirit’ through paintings means reaching the stage that an artist creates an art work getting together with the object by corresponding with it as yin and yang draw the principle of production through the correlative action. Dong Qichang thought that artists needed to learn the history of literati paintings of southern school, experience the nature, and understand the principle that calligraphy and paintings share the same origin to realize ‘conveying the spirit’ through art works. He also considered that an artist could reach the stage that ‘the atmosphere is full of vitality’ by making an effort, and we could find his view of studying paintings out through this. Through the fact that Dong Qichang respected Wang Wei who tried to change the will of brush by observing the heaven-gifted nature, we could also find out that he emphasized the correlation between emulating and changing and intended to realize creating the new through learning. Moreover, he recognized the significance of the line which was the fundamental element of calligraphy and paintings by learning the origin of paintings and considered that it should be applied on paintings. Dong Qichang considered that the changes of fogs and clouds represented the change of the nature, so he thought that making the vitality of the nature emerge by expressing those in paintings was related to the vitality of paintings. That is to say that the vitality of the nature could be related to the creativity of art works. Therefore, Dong Qichang emphasized expressing the vitality of constantly changing nature in art works. Furthermore, he thought that it could be realized by making an effort to contain the changing principle of the nature in art works through an appropriate law of wielding brush.