3‧1 운동과 깃발

Abstract

When experiences from social movements are shared through different media, they create symbolic structures as well as open up a new era to the public with a renewed sense of ownership. The March 1st Movement brought about major changes in modern Korea and in the use of media. The most representative media was the Declaration of Independence and the flag. The production and distribution of these two forms of media operated under clearly different networks, although some overlap were observed. The distribution of the Declaration of Independence was carried out by religious networks of Christian and Cheondogyo(천도교) groups as well as by student networks, which are characterized by modern political beliefs and a sense of homogeneity. These networks distributed print publications that were modern and homogeneous, such the 「Declaration of Independence」 or the 『Tongnip Shinmum』. However, in other parts of the nation, new networks had to be devised in order to prepare for the street protests. The flags and the manifestos became an important media used in this process, reflecting the specific situations and realities of the people. After the March 1st Movement, the flags and manifestos became representations ofthe modern politics. Korea’s national flag, the Taegukgi secured its status as the nation’s political symbol of national resistance and independence, while street protests became engraved in the political DNA of the people. After the March 1st Movement, media that supported the changes were developed further; flags, manifestos, street rallies and protests have since become integral tools of political struggles in Korea. Keywords: March 1st Movement, media, flag, Declaration of Independence, Taegukgi