『열하일기』의 「제일장관」, 청나라 중화론과 청나라 문화 수용론

Abstract

「The one of the grandest sights of Qing dynasty」 is an article of 『Yeolha-ilgi』 of Yeonam Park Jiwon(燕巖 朴趾源, 1737∼1805)' writing. He argued in it that Chosun Dynasty had to learn Qing dynasty's civilization. Many people of Chosun dynasty looked at Qing dynasty in view of the doctrines of great land to change the barbarians(尊周攘夷), so they believed that Qing dynasty was the barbarians and must be ejected. But He had an different angle on the problem. He thought that Qing dynasty was not barbarous, but had already been civilized. So he argued first that the respect for the Sinic civilization was one thing and the barbarians were another. He believed that even though the doctrines of great land to change the barbarians could be acceptable, but we had not to look at Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty in view of it. It means that he wanted to exchange the context of understanding of Qing dynasty Second, he argued that many evidences could be considered as the opposite evidences to prove the Sinic civilization of Qing dynasty, which was believed to prove Qing dynasty the barbarian. He thought that Qing dynasty was not only a successor of the Sinic civilization formally, but also had carried his civilization into practice essentially. and in addition Its civilization could be usually confirmed in the people's daily life. But He recognized also that all culture of Qing dynasty was not civilized ; Some were civilized, and the others were barbarous, and they was not of the same quality, so could not treat them equally. He wanted to divide them into two classes, and treat them in according to their special quality. One is the doctrine of the civilization of Qing dynasty, and the other is the reinterpretation of the ejection of barbarians. He argued that even though there were some evidences to admit of no excuse in the culture of Qing dynasty, Chosun dynasty should learn and introduce the civilization of Qing dynasty, but should not eject it. He meaned that a concept of the ejection of barbarians had to be changed into a concept of learning of the its civilization. The reinterpretation of the ejection of barbarians presented a new vision out of the argument of dynastic identity. This is just a point he said, namely that Qing dynasty had already been civilized, so Chosun dynasty had to introduce the civilization of Qing dynasty and advance its own self.