賈誼 禮論의 특징: 등급질서와 제도론

Abstract

The goal of this article is to study the unique feature of Jia-Yi(B.C. 200~B.C. 168)’ Li-Lun, especially focusing on its ‘Deng-Ji-Zhi-Xu(等級秩序)’ and ‘zhi-duo’. First, I analysed how Jia-Yi’s idea, which was inherited from Xun-Zi(荀子), overcomes the shortcoming of Xun-Zi’s argument of rite and suggest a new way that can serve as a justification for the Emperor-driven production of li-le(禮樂) and enlightenment of the nation(百姓敎化). Second, I discussed the essence of his argument, its purpose and direction in order to find out the motivation and intention of his works. The purpose of his argument was to establish a firm structure of social rank, that consisted of three status, the emperor, the officials, and the people, in order to overcome the political anxiety that comes from the confusion of social ranking order of that times. It was considered as a system that can serve as a basis to stabilize the politics and society of newly founded Han-dynasty, and also to prevent the disorder such as it was in Warring State(B.C. 475~B.C. 221). In other words, according to Jia-Yi’s thought, to establish the ‘Emperor’s absolute authority(皇帝絶對權)’ was the prerequisite to achieve the peace. It was for this reason that he emphasized the construction of ‘Deng-Ji-Zhi-Xu(等級秩序)’ and restrictions on the feudal system of its organization, designation, and its usage of goods. Such stern regulation was believed to prevent the exhaustion of the world’s goods and to bring the political and social stability, so that he even suggested to fix it as a system(制度, Zhi-Du). If so, even a child emperor or candidates to be the emperor would not suffer the threat of not coming to the throne, and the political and social stability would be secured. He also argued that high-rank officials should be punished more severely when committed a crime than the other ranks of people, to secure the loyalty of the officials to the emperor and to make them learn the lesson of liyilianchi(禮義廉恥), the politeness and humbleness. This was also considered as a countermeasure of Han Dynasty’s changzhijiuan(長治久安).