대한부인회 결성과 활동 연구(1948～50)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how Daehan Buinhwe that supported Syngman Lee government in Korea in 1948 before the Korean War emerged and changed and how its political and social activities were. After the establishment of government, the creation of Daehan Buinhwe was accomplished because Dokchok National Association was transformed into an organization half official and half civil. Moreover, there was the need to spread anti-communism among the people after the Yeosun incident. Accordingly, Daehan Buinhwe was created by integrating Dokchokbuinhwe with the Seoul city government's Buinhwe. The various women's associations centering on Dokchokbuinhwe was restructured into a system of a unified association upon the creation of Daehan Buinhwe. The members and branches of Daehan Buinhwe were not changed from those of the rightist women's organizations during the US military government. The systematic relationship between Daehan Buinhwe and Bunyogook also followed the mutual assistance system between Dokchokbuinhwe and Bunyogook during the US military government. Especially the employees at Bunyogook were also members of Daehan Buinhwe. Moreover, Daehan Buinhwe received funding from the government. On the surface, it was in the name of National Movement Funding, Maintenance Funding for various social institutions such as Daehan Buinhwe. Daehan Buinhwe was mobilized and used in key government political activities, enlightenment movements for women, and relief and support activities with operational money (support money) from some of the money received from the government. The nature of pro-government and pro-Lee of Daehan Buinhwe is well reflected in the movement to oppose the withdrawal of the US Armed Forces in Korea, and the movement to oppose the legislation of the parliamentary cabinet system. They were the public agendas of anti-communism. Whenever Syngman Lee faced a political crisis, he mobilized various public associations such as Daehan Buinhwe to spread the discussions of anti-communism agendas throughout the country. Daehan Buinhwe in meeting his demands chose anti-communistic activities and anti-communistic struggles as their central objective. The New Living Movement of Daehan Buinhwe approached the political goal of national movement through indirect methods. Daehan Buinhwe lead the New Living Movement along with Seoul City Government's Bunyogook. Movements such as the New Living Life, Save Energy Movement, Rebuild National Life Movement, and so on created various, comprehensive, and specific rules for ordinary lives. On the surface, it was similar to the mechanism by the Japanese Empire to regulate daily lifes during the late period of the Pacific War. The purpose of the national movements of Daehan Buinhwe was to control the whole aspects of the lifes of citizens to instill anti-communism deeper. On the other hand, Daehan Buinhwe tried to enter the parliament even after it was transformed to an organization half official and half civil working with administrative institutions to commence various systematic projects for the nation. Daehan Buinhwe participated in the 5.30 general ection in 1950 to constitute the second national assembly. The number of candidates was reduced to 11 from the first assembly, but Youngshin Lim from the Women's Nationalist Party and Suncheon Park of Daehan Buinhwe won. Daehan Buinhwe controlled a vast sphere of influence based on the administrative power of a system with Syngman Lee on the top even when it insisted it was non-political, non-party, and non-faction, and tried to control the institutional political space represented by the national assembly. Based on the analysis of organization and activity of the Daehan Buinhwe, its main characteristics are as the following. First, the Daehan Buinhwe that performed important roles in the processes to establish the government by the Syngman Lee political section and the formation processes to found the state were gradually unified. Second, the Daehan Buinhwe organization tried to consolidate their influence by working with various administrative and semi-state organizations such as Bunyogook and police women. Also, they tried to enter political sphere representated as the national assembly based on such. As a result, the Daehan Buinhwe was power-oriented.