조선후기 求貿의 시행과 운영절차

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of the Joseon-Japan trade in the late Joseon Dynasty and the negotiations between the two countries by examining the implementation and operation procedures of the gumu trade, an understudied topic in the previous researches on the Joseon-Japan trade. Gumu indicates a form of trade in which Tsushima island of Japan, commissioned by the Japanese Bakufu to establish and maintain diplomatic relations and trades with Joseon, asked Joseon for specific goods when unexpected needs arose in the province. The gumu trade was conducted irregularly, and there was no mutually agreed norm as to the type and quantity of goods for trading. In addition, performed in various modes of operation, the gumu trade was connected to public and private trades. Thus it illustrates special aspects of economic exchanges between Joseon and Japan in a time when diplomacy and trade were not separated. Joseon’s reception and processing of Tsushima’s request for the gumu trade was executed in four major stages: a. request from Tsushima, b. reception and reporting to the court, c. discussion, d. decision. Once the Joseon court decided to carry out the gumu trade, the government procured the goods through various channels and sent them to the Waegwan. With the arrival of goods, Tsushima had to pay the price. The gumu trade was a peculiar, third form of trade between Joseon and Tsushima, which were very close to each other in diplomatic and trade relations. More importantly, as it occurred from the absolute needs of Tsushima island, the gumu trade was an effective way for Tsushima to obtain goods for its own province. Furthermore, Tsushima tried to constantly improve the relationship with Joseon through the gumu trade and to lead the political and diplomatic negotiations in favor of Tsushima. In that sense, the diplomatic and political importance of the gumu trade was unmistakable too. Meanwhile, the Joseon government allowed the gumu trade, viewing it as an indirect diplomatic system that could conciliate and control Tsushima effectively.