유럽인권재판소의 유럽인권조약 해석에 관한 연구 - 유럽인권재판소 결정례를 중심으로 -
A Study on Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights - Focused on Decisions made by the European Court of Human Rights -
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초록
유럽인권조약은 1949년 서유럽 및 북유럽 10개국에 의하여 설립된 국제기구인 유럽평의회에서 작성되었다. 인권조약은 유럽평의회 가맹국 집단의 고유한 인권의 상징이다. 유럽인권재판소는 인권조약에 근본적 제정 목적인 인권 및 기본적 자유의 보호와 촉진이라는 목적을 실효적으로 보장하는 기관이다. 또한 유럽인권재판소의 판결에 의하여 개인의 기본적인 권리 보장 및 체약국의 법적 체계에 변화를 줄 수 있기 때문에 유럽인권재판소 판결의 근거규범이 되는 인권조약에 대한 해석방법은 중요하다. 유럽인권재판소는 소송에서 인권조약을 해석하는 경우 목적론적 해석을 기조로 하여 실효적 해석, 발전적 해석, 자율적 해석방법에 의하여 인권의 실현이라는 목적을 실효적으로 수행하는 한편, 체약국의 사이에 공통기준의 존재여부를 배려하면서 체약국에 일정한 재량을 인정한 평가의 여지 이론을 구축해왔다. 본 논문에서는 유럽인권재판소의 판례를 중심으로 이러한 유럽인권재판소의 해석과 특징을 기술하고자 한다.
Abstract
The European Convention on Human Rights was drafted by the Council of Europe, an international organization founded in 1949 by 10 states of Western Europe and Northern Europe. Only the members of the Council may become members of the European Convention on Human Rights, which signifies the fact that the Convention is regarded as a symbol of human rights that is reserved for the member group of the Council. The European Court of Human Rights is an organization that effectively ensures protection and promotion of human rights, which is the fundamental purpose of the Convention. The European Convention on Human Rights serves as the governing law for decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. How the Convention is interpreted, therefore, holds great significance as the decisions by the Court may effectuate changes in protection of each individual’s fundamental rights as well as the legal systems of each member state. The European Court of Human Rights, in its interpretation of the Convention, has been effectuating its purpose of realizing the human rights by employing effective interpretation, evolutive interpretation and autonomous interpretation methods under the principle of teleological interpretation. At the same time the Court has established the ‘Margin of Appreciation’ theory, whereby it considers whether there is any common criteria between the members of the Convention and grants certain discretion to them. This study attempts to describe the characteristics of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as its methods for legal interpretation, with focus on judical precedents of the Court.
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