從出土文獻看‘與’字的用法 ― 以上博楚簡孔子語錄文爲中心 ―
Study on the Use of Preposition 'Yu與' Confucius’ Speech inscribed on the Chu Bamboo Slips stored in Shanghai Museum
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초록
≪上博簡≫孔子語錄與傳世文獻≪論語≫、≪孔子家語≫、≪孔子世家≫相比，內容更全面、字詞書寫未曾被修改.更爲引文矚目的是≪上博簡≫孔子語錄文作爲孔子與其弟子的對話，所使用的各類詞彙以及該詞彙在句中的用法，都保留了詞彙最初的使用特徵.通过分析可以得知戰國時期的虚词“與”字已經具備了自己特有的語義和語用，與同時期傳世文獻中的“以”“及”“于”等通假用法出現了明顯的特徵。連詞“與”主要連接名詞或名詞性短語，而“及”還可連接動詞性短語和諸位詞組；“與”連接的並列項以雙項為常，而“及”可以是多項的；在選擇比較句中，連接兩個表示比較範圍的並列項，用“與”不用“及”.
Abstract
Shanghai museum salvaged a batch of bamboo slips from Hang Kong Cultural relics market， which was unearthed in Chu region， and could be dated from the warring states period. This batch of bamboo slips includes more than 100 kinds of Warring States books， most of which is percious document not passing from generation to generation， including Confucianism， Taoism， Militarism and other types of precious document. Out of the batch of bamboo slips， there are dozens of document related to Confucius'speech. There have been 15 kinds of the document that have been released already. Preposition’Yu與’inConfucius’speech inscribed in Chu Bamboo slips stored in Shanghai Museum mainly introduces volatile components and related components. In the structure ‘Verb+Yu與+Object’， volatile components are mainly personal pronoun， while related components are mainly nouns and a few place nouns and verbs. When Confucius preached morality， he used Yayan (elegant language of scholars)， a very common language at that time， which presents a systematic character of the social language in that time.
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