일본 동양사학의 계보와 ‘실증’주의의 스펙트럼-이케우치 히로시(池内宏)의 ‘滿鮮史’ 연구를 중심으로-

Abstract

This article reviews the genealogy of Oriental History in modern Japan, focusing on Ikeuchi Hiroshi(池內宏)’s studies of Manchurian-Korean History(滿鮮史). Hatada Takashi(旗田巍) who led the study of Korean history in post-war Japan, criticized Oriental History which was studied during the pre-war era, especially the specialty of Manchurian-Korean History. Further, he questioned the academic integrity that strives only for actual, empirical proof. Incidentally, it was Takashi’s teacher, Ikeuchi Hiroshi, who he presented as one of the representatives. The origin of Japanese Oriental History’s genealogy centering on Ikeuchi Hiroshi can be traced back to the famous German historian, Leopold von Ranke, through the works of Ludwig Riess and Shiratori Kurakichi(白鳥倉吉). As is well recognized, historical factualism as a scientific approach entered Japan through this genealogical route. By using historical factualism, informed by von Ranke’s historical philosophy, Shiratori tried to position the Japanese Empire as an historical entity that evolved into a nation state. Even from an academic perspective, Shiratori emphasized academic integrity in the study of history to meet the needs of the state in addition to study for purely academic purposes. Shiratori’s dual perspective was passed on to Ikeuchi and Inaba Iwakichi(稲葉岩吉), the second generation of Japanese Oriental History specialists. While Inaba attempted to pursue academic tasks within the context of the political situation, Ikeuchi developed his own factual history by replacing the effectiveness of the academic approach with rationalism. Hatada criticized Ikeuchi’s rationalism as being closer to logic than history, but his work, when he joined the South Manchuria Railway Co., LTD(南滿洲鐵道株式會社), was a field survey completed for the purpose of providing empirical proof. In this way, historical factualism, which was combined with various discourses, formed a broad spectrum. Therefore, its boundaries were ambiguous, and the act of drawing those boundaries could be based on political factors.