한국 근대 역사학의 방법론적 기원

Abstract

This study is to challenge the conventional wisdom on modern historio- graphy of Korea, which asserts that modern historiography of Korea was established by SIN Chaeho(申采浩) and PARK Eunsik(朴殷植), whose historical writings criticized and overcame Japanese colonialist historiography by adopting Western historiography. But, I think that modern historiography is a narrative practice rather than a science, aiming to mobilize the people by describing the genesis, growth, hardship, glory of a single historical entity, such as the state / people / ethnicity. I think, in this sense, such goal was accomplished Tong'guksaryak(東國史略) by HYON Chae(玄采) in 1906. There seems to be two basic theories which established modern historiography of Korea. Firstly, Korean historians accepted the theory of international law to describe the Korean history as one of independent country, not as a China’s dependency. They tried to prove that single orthodoxy had been inherited from the Tankun(檀君) period to the present by utilizing the theory of orthodoxy used since the beginning of Joseon Dynasty. Secondly, They also adopted the nationalistic view of history from Japanese historiography and social Darwinism from Western Europe, trying to enhance patriotism and achieve strong army and rich country by promoting national education. Just before Korea's colonization by Japan, They developed the theories of national spirit(國魂論) from Japanese theory of nationality(国体論), one of which resulted in ‘the history of Puyeo(扶餘) tribe’ of “Toksasinron”(讀史新論: new theory of historiography) by SHIN Chaeho. This essay, different from conventional wisdom, expressed strong anti-Chinese ethnic nationalism rather than anti-Japanese. He described the Paekdu mountain area as territories of such dynasties as Tankun Joseon, Puyeo, Koguryeo(高句麗), Parhae since 4,000 years ago, resembling Japanese historians who transformed myths into history. In this point, modern historiography of Korea is a polymorphism of Japanese.