사형수 현상과 사형수 신드롬: 외국 사례를 통해 본 형사사법적 의의
Death-Row Phenomenon and Death-Row Syndrome: Criminal Judicial Significance Reviewed from Foreign Cases
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초록
사형수현상 또는 사형수신드롬에 관하여 우리나라에서는 선행연구가 없기 때문에 외국의 사례를 통해 그 개념과 구성요소를 살펴보았다. 사형수신드롬은 사형이 확정된 사람들의 환경과 경험의 총체라고 볼 수 있는데, 사형수신드롬으로 인해 대부분의 사형수들이 심리적 고통을 겪고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 사형수신드롬은 세 가지 구성요소를 가지고 있다. 첫째, 시간적 요소로서 사형판결과 집행 사이의 기간이며, 둘째 사형수가 수용된 거실의 물리적 요소에 관한 것이고, 셋째는 사형확정자로 살아가면서 겪게 되는 심리적 요소를 의미한다. 1998년 이후 사형집행을 하지 않은 우리나라에서는 사형수신드롬이 문제될 것이 없다고 주장할 수 있다. 그러나 여전히 사형제도가 합헌이라는 헌법적 판결이 나있고 58명의 사형확정자가 존재하므로 형사사법적으로 논할 가치가 충분히 있다고 본다.
Abstract
This article deals with criminal judicial significance of the death-row phenomenon or death-row syndrome. Since there have never been discussed about this issue in Korea, the concept and components of those are explored from foreign cases. The death-row syndrome are the lived experiences and particular set of conditions of individuals who have been sentenced to death. The psychological and mental effects of this result in harsh suffering to death row inmates. The death-row syndrome can be defined when it includes three components. First, a temporal component regards the extended periods between sentencing and execution. Second, a physical component is about the conditions in death row where a condemned prisoner is held. Third, an experiential component relates to the meaning of living under death penalty. Some might argue that death-row syndrome has few or no implications for capital punishment within Korea where there has been no execution since 1998. However, this article concludes the death-row syndrome can be constitutional issue in the country. It is because the possibility of execution of 58 condemned prisoners still remains with the constitutional verdict that the death penalty is not unconstitutional.
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