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지적장애와 성범죄

Intellectual Disabilities and Sex Offences

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초록

본 연구는 국외의 선행연구들을 중심으로 지적장애를 가진 성범죄자의 개인적 특성에 초점을 맞추어 성범죄 변인을 알아보고, 지적장애를 가진 성범죄자의 인지적 왜곡을 측정할 수 있는 평가도구와 치료 프로그램 전반을 종합적으로 개관하였다. 성에 대한 인지적 왜곡, 공감 능력의 부족, 대인기술의 부족, 자기조절력의 부재 같은 인지적 결함에 취약한 요인들이 지적장애를 가진 성범죄자의 성범죄 관련 변인들로 지목되고 있었고, 성지식의 부재는 지적장애인의 성범죄와 연관이 없으며, 성에 대한 인지적 왜곡이 경험적 연구에서 가장 일관되게 나타나는 지적장애 성범죄자의 특성으로 확인되었다. 지적장애를 가진 성범죄자의 평가와 치료는 일반 성범죄자를 위한 평가와 치료적 접근을 응용하며 발전하였는데, 성에 대한 인지적 왜곡의 평가는 지적장애를 가진 성범죄자의 특성을 설명할 뿐만 아니라, 치료 프로그램의 효과를 파악하는 역할도 하고 있었다. 지적장애를 가진 성범죄자의 치료는 일반 성범죄자와 마찬가지로 인지행동치료가 효과적이지만, 지적장애인의 경우 교육적인 측면을 좀 더 강조한다는 점에서 차이가 있다. 최근에는 종합적인 치료 프로그램이 지적장애를 가진 성범죄자에게 효과적이라는 인식이 형성되었고, 종합적인 인지행동치료는 가장 효과적인 치료 방법으로 확인되었다.

Abstract

This study reviewed the personal variables related sexual offenders with intellectual disability(ID). Also evaluation tools were reviewed for assessing cognitive distortion of sex offenders with ID and treatment programs for them were introduced. Many articles reported that eugenics of sex offending with intellectual disabilities were related not to deficiency of sex knowledge but to cognitive distortion, lack of empathy, social incompetence, and dysfunction of self regulation. Especially, cognitive distortion related to sexual behavior was found to be the most important feature in evaluating and treating sex offenders with ID. Therefore, treatment programs for them have included the cognitive behavioral therapy including sex education. Recently, multicomponent treatment, a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy was found to be effective for sex offenders with ID.

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