일본 소년감별소법 제정을 통해 본 소년분류심사원 관련법률의 개정방향

Abstract

The Juvenile Classification Review Center helps to accurately diagnose the causes of juvenile delinquency in its early stages and provides the right treatment appropriate for the characteristics of individual juveniles. However, currently there is only 1 the Juvenile Classification Review Center in South Korea and 6 proxy juvenile detention institutions. Under the circumstance, such institutions are severely overcrowded with juvenile delinquents. As the number of juveniles in such institutions increases continuously with the establishment of competent courts, overcrowding gets more severe, worsening negative aspects such as human rights infringement and learning crimes. Japan legislated the Act of the Juvenile Classification Review Center in 2014. This law separate the treatment in Juvenile Detention Center and the Juvenile Classification Review Center. Compared to the Japanese law, the Act of the Juvenile Classification Review Center should be handled Medical care, care and custody, visit, letter and telephone calls and so forth in the Juvenile Classification Review Center of the juvenile under detention in detail. Regarding legislative improvements, there is a need for special budgeting and treatment of those subject to classification review through a separate legislation, for example, of the Act on the Juvenile Classification Review Center. In addition, for a specialized misconduct diagnose, the minimum number of juvenile delinquents should be detained. To minimize human rights violations, the criteria to extend detention period should be stipulated in related laws, and legal grounds should be prepared to more strictly apply the causes for detention. Procedural rules to raise objections to classification review processes should be laid down to let delinquents themselves and their parents to make appeals. There should be separate provisions in related laws for treatment of those juveniles in the proxy institutions, aside from treatment for juveniles in average juvenile detention centers.