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미국 대학생들의 수용자에 대한 태도

American College Students’ Attitudes Toward Prisoners

박선영
아시아교정포럼 (Asian Forum for Corrections)|2013.06|교정담론 (Korean Journal of Correctional Discourse)|제7권 제1호|pp. 135-164

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참고문헌

키워드

재범률recidivism반감prisoner reentry수용자 사회복귀수용자에 대한 태도attitude toward prisonersantipathy

초록

높은 재범률에 직면하여 수용자 사회복귀가 교정의 가장 시급한 이슈 증의 하나가 되었다. 수용자 사회복귀 연구에 따르면 수용자에 대한 대중의 부정적인 태도가 수용자의 성공적인 사회복귀에 방해가 되는 요인 중의 하나였다. 수용자에 대한 대중의 부정적인 태도를 개선하기 위해서는 우선적으로 대중의 태도를 조사하는 것이 유용할 것이다. 특히 미래의 정책입안가이며 형사사법체계 실무자로서 대학생들의 태도를 조사하는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구는 설문조사 방법을 이용하여 미국의 한 대학교에서 대학생들의 수용자에 대한 태도를 조사하였다. 선행연구를 토대로 학년, 성별, 인종, 거주지역, 정치적 성향, 전공, 용서에 대한 가치, 범죄피해경험, 수용자와의 친분이 수용자에 대한 태도에 영향을 주는 요인으로 조사되었다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 종교, 정치적 성향, 용서에 대한 가치, 수용자와의 친분이 유의미한 변수였으며 용서에 대한 가치가 가장 강력한 요인이었다. 수용자 사회복귀 정책은 대중의 도움과 지원이 없이는 성공할 수 없기 때문에 사회 내 팽배한 수용자에 대한 부정적인 태도와 인식은 지양되어야 한다. 이러한 맥락에서 한국 또한 미국과 같이 높은 재범률에 처해있으며 한국 사회 내에서도 출소자에 대한 부정적인 인식이 수용자 사회복귀를 방해하는 요인이라는 연구결과가 있다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 미국은 물론 한국이 수용자에 대한 대중의 부정적인 인식을 개선하고, 돌아오는 수용자를 환영하는 분위기를 조성하여 효과적인 사회복귀 정책을 수립하는데 있어서 기본적이고 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

Faced with high recidivism, prisoner reentry has become one of the most pressing issues in corrections (Travis & Visher, 2005). According to the research on the prisoner reentry, the public’s negative attitude toward offenders is one of the major barriers to prisoners’ successful reintegration into society. To improve the public’s negative perceptions toward prisoners, it is useful to investigate the public’s attitude. Especially, as prospective policy makers and practitioners, it is important to study college students’ attitudes (Mackey et al., 2006). Using the survey method, the current study investigated college students’ attitudes toward prisoners in one U.S. public university. Based on previous research, academic level, gender, race, size of town, political party, major, the value of forgiveness, victimization experience, and acquaintance with prisoners were examined as predictors for attitudes toward prisoners. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the value of forgiveness is the most powerful predictor in attitudes toward prisoners. Religion, political party, and a close/casual relationship with prisoners were also significant factors in attitudes toward prisoners. Without public's support and positive attitude, prisoner reentry effort cannot be successful. Korea faces the same situation of high recidivism and public's negative attitude toward prisoners. Research findings of the present study are expected to provide Korea as well as America with preliminary information about plausible strategies to improve public’s negative attitude toward prisoners, create welcoming atmospheres for returning prisoners and develop effective prisoner reentry strategy.

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