A Discussion on the Concept of Penal Populism
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It is argued that penal trends have increasingly become punitive in recent decades in South Korea, and that this punitive development has been significantly influenced by penal populism. The term “penal populism” itself is not new as it has been empirically approached since around the 2010s, but conceptual understandings of this subject have not yet been provided sufficiently in this country. The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of the concept of penal populism. First, the term “populism” will be discussed, drawing upon political theorists - Canovan (1999) in particular. Second, it will delve into the term “penal populism”, coined and predominantly used in criminology: the origins and the development of this concept will be briefly discussed; then, the core features of penal populism will be explained, based on Pratt’s (2007) theory. These four important features are: 1. the shifted axis of penal power; 2. roles of the media; 3. the rise of the cultural and political significance of victim(isation), and; 4. the impetus of the power to punish (in specific comparison to authoritarian sources of power).
Abstract
It is argued that penal trends have increasingly become punitive in recent decades in South Korea, and that this punitive development has been significantly influenced by penal populism. The term “penal populism” itself is not new as it has been empirically approached since around the 2010s, but conceptual understandings of this subject have not yet been provided sufficiently in this country. The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of the concept of penal populism. First, the term “populism” will be discussed, drawing upon political theorists - Canovan (1999) in particular. Second, it will delve into the term “penal populism”, coined and predominantly used in criminology: the origins and the development of this concept will be briefly discussed; then, the core features of penal populism will be explained, based on Pratt’s (2007) theory. These four important features are: 1. the shifted axis of penal power; 2. roles of the media; 3. the rise of the cultural and political significance of victim(isation), and; 4. the impetus of the power to punish (in specific comparison to authoritarian sources of power).
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