베트남전 참전 제대군인의외상후 스트레스 장애 증상에 대한 예측 변인
Predictors of PTSD symptoms in Korean Vietnam War veterans
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초록
전투에 노출된 제대군인은 노년기에 다양한 신체적, 정신적 증상을 경험하는데, 이중 PTSD는 대표적인 심리적 증상 중 하나이다. 우리나라는 32만 여명을 베트남전에 파병하였으나, 이들에 대한 심리학적 연구는 활발히 진행되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 베트남전에 참전한 제대군인의 PTSD 증상의 유병률을 파악한 후, 인구 통계학적 변인들, 다양한 전쟁 전(외상적 사건, 가정 환경), 전쟁 중(전투 노출, 통제감, 부대 내 사회적 지지), 전쟁 후 요인(복귀 후 사회적 지지, 추가적인 스트레스 생활사건들) 중 PTSD 증상을 예측하는 변인들을 찾아보고자 했다. 400명의 참전군인을 대상으로 Mississippi PTSD 척도를 사용하여 분석한 결과, Kulka 등(1991)이 제시한 89점의 준거점수를 기준으로 했을 때 163명이 PTSD 준거점수를 넘어 40.8%의 PTSD 증상 유병률을 나타냈다. 각 변인별로 PTSD 증상에 미치는 영향을 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석한 결과, 현재 월 수입액이 낮고, 현재 건강상태가 좋지 않으며, 아동기 가정 환경이 부정적이고, 전투 노출이 높을수록, 그리고 베트남전 복귀 후 낮은 사회적 지지를 받고, 스트레스 생활사건을 많이 경험할수록 유의미하게 높은 PTSD 증상이 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 추후 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Veterans who have experienced combat exposure can develop various physical and psychological symptoms in later life, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Even though approximately 320,000 South Korean army troops were deployed in the Vietnam War, there have been only a few studies of Korean Vietnam War veterans to date. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the prevalence of PTSD symptoms of Korean Vietnam War veterans and to investigate the predictors of PTSD symptoms among demographic data, prewar factors (traumatic events, childhood family environments), warzone factors (combat exposure, controllability, social support), and postwar factors (social support after homecoming, additional stressful life events). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in Korean Vietnam War veterans was found to be 40.8%. Additionally, logistic regression revealed that the likelihood of developing PTSD symptoms in later life depended on current income and physical health, childhood family environments, combat exposure, and social support, as well as additional stressful life events after homecoming. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestions for future studies.
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