수문곡선의 감수부 특성을 고려한 기저유출 산정
Estimation of baseflow considering recession characteristics of hydrograph
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초록
수문곡선의 감수부는 기저유출의 특성을 반영하기 때문에 강우유출 모형과 기저유출분리법을 이용한 기저유출 산정과정에서 감수부의 특성을 고려해야한다. 따라서 본 연구는 감수특성을 고려하여 Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)의 보정에서 유량예측의 정확성을 높이고, 보정된 SWAT으로부터 예측된 유량으로부터 기저유출을 분리하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 RECESS으로부터 산정된 alpha factor와 11개의 다른 매개변수를 자동보정모듈에 적용한 시나리오 (S1)와 SWAT의 매개변수인 alpha factor를 포함한 12개의 매개변수를 자동보정모듈에 적용한 시나리오 (S2)에대해 SWAT을 이용해 유량 모의를 하였다. 또한, 두 시나리오에 대해 SWAT으로 예측된 유량을 Web-basedHydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT)을 적용하여 기저유출을 산정하였다. 보정 결과는 유량에 대한 두 시나리오의Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) 값들 사이에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았으나 기저유출의 경우 S1에 대한 NSE는 0.777이고,S2의 NSE 결과는 0.844로 다소 큰 차이를 보였다. 연평균 유량의 분포의 정량적 비교를 위한 관측유량과 상대오차를산정하였으며 S1에 대하여 20.78%, S2에 대하여 6.59%의 상대오차를 보였다. 본 연구는 모형을 이용하여 예측된 유량으로부터 기저유출을 산정하는데 있어 감수부 특성의 중요성을 보여주었다.
Abstract
Recession of hydrograph gives a significant contribution to estimation of baseflow using rainfall-runoff models and baseflowseparation methods, because recession affects baseflow. This study attempted to enhance the accuracy of streamflow predictionsusing a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and to separate baseflow from the predicted streamflow. For this, thisstudy used two scenarios: 1) to calibrate eleven parameters using an auto-calibration tool with the alpha factor obtained fromRECESS (S1); and 2) to calibrate twelve SWAT parameters including alpha factor (one of SWAT parameters) using anauto-calibration tool (S2). Then, baseflow spearation from the predicted streamflow was conducted by using Web-basedHydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT). The results show that there is no significant difference between Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) values of S1 and S2 for calibrations to streamflow. However, calibrations to baseflow showed that NSEs are 0.777 forS1 and 0.844 for S2, which means a significant difference. Quantitatively compared to the observed streamflow, relative errorswere 20.78 % for S1 and 6.59 % for S2. Finally, this study showed the importance of recession in baseflow separated fromthe predicted streamflow using a rainfall-runoff model.
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