국제해상물건운송에 있어서 위험화물의 선적과 계약당사자간의 책임관계
Liability for the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea
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국제해상물건운송에 있어서 위험화물은 화물 자체에 위험성이 있는 화물뿐만 아니라 전반적인 항해사정을 고려하여 선박 및 다른 화물과의 관계에서 위험적인 요소가 발견되고 그 화물의 선적으로 인하여 운송인에게 손해 또는 비용을 초래하였다면 그 화물도 위험화물로 인정하고 있다. 위험화물의 선적으로 인하여 손해가 발생한 경우 송하인의 과실여부에 관계없이 엄격책임을 인정하면서 또한 운송인에게도 위험화물의 안전운송에 필요한 주의조치를 취하도록 요구하고 있어 적어도 운송인은 위험화물 운송에 관한 각종 규칙에 명시되어 있는 주의조치 등을 준수하여 화물을 선적·취급해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
This article examines the relationship of the liability for the shipped danger cargo between shipper and sea carrier where the dangerous cargo is shipped. The meaning of dangerous goods in relation with the carriage of goods by sea can now extend to beyond actual physical damage to ship or cargo. There have been two main views focusing on the meaning of the term “dangerous": One view is that dangerous goods includes only to cargoes which are physically dangerous; The other includes non-physically dangerous goods in case where the danger is to be found in the surrounding circumstances, which affect to the vessel or other cargo shipped in the same vessel. The liability for any damages or expenses resulted from nature of the dangerous cargoes shipped would basically be on the shipper subject to the carries's obligation provisioned under transportation contract or the concerned domestic regulation. For example, even if the cargo was inherently dangerous, the damages caused by the failure of the owners to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy would be subject to the owners' liability.
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