DEA-Window 및 Malmquist 지수를 활용한 예선업체의 효율성 및 생산성 분석

Abstract

The study’s objective is to analyze towing service companies’ efficiency and productivity from 2009–2013, based on DEA-Window analysis and the Malmquist index. Considering input and output variables used in previous studies, as well as towing service companies’ unique features, we identified costs (labor costs, financing costs, operating expenses, and depreciation costs), horsepower, and oil expenses as input variables, and sales revenue as the output variable. The efficiency analysis examined towing service companies at Busan, Incheon, and Pyoungtaek ports. The three ports were selected for comparative analysis because they adopted different operation methods (cooperative ship operation for Busan port, cooperative ship operation and limited permits for Incheon port, and free contracts for Pyoungtaek port). To analyze towing service companies’ dynamic efficiency at the three ports, a DEA-Window analysis was conducted with a window width of 3. The results showed a steady decline in efficiency at all three ports between 2009 and 2012, but an improvement in 2013. As for year-specific efficiency at the three ports, efficiency at Busan port fell in 2012, and did not recover in 2013, thereby falling behind Incheon port. Incheon port’s towing service companies had operated less efficiently than those at other ports, but their efficiency was the highest in 2013. Pyoungtaek port’s towing service companies were the most efficient in 2009, but their efficiency deteriorated afterwards, and these became least efficient despite an improvement in 2013. The Malmquist index was used to analyze towing service companies’ productivity at Busan, Incheon, and Pyoungtaek ports. As for Busan port, productivity rose by 3.7% to 1.037 in 2009–10, declined by 0.1% to 0.999 in 2010–11, and further declined by 6.7% to 0.933 in 2011–12. It fell by 0.9% to 0.991 in 2012–13, and for the entire period, productivity declined, on average, by 0.990 or 1% each year. At Pyoungtaek port, productivity fell by 9.2% to 0.908 in 2009–10, dropped by 11% to 0.894 in 2010–11, fell by 14% to 0.859 in 2011–12, and then improved by 16.6% to 1.166 in 2012–13. For the entire period, productivity declined, on average, by 0.957 or 4.3% annually. At Incheon port, productivity dropped by 0.1% to 0.999 in 2009–10, fell by 6.9% to 0.931 in 2010–11, then sharply rose by 81% to 1.806 in 2011–12, and increased by 14.7% to 1.147 in 2012–13. For the entire period, productivity improved, on average, by 1.220 or 22% each year. The Malmquist index-based analysis showed that productivity gradually deteriorated for towing service companies at Busan and Pyoungtaek ports, but improved at Incheon port. Efficiency at Busan port increased slightly by 1.006 or 0.6% between 2009 and 2013, and their technology level dropped 0.997 or 0.3% each year over the same period. Efficiency at Pyoungtaek port decreased by 0.968 or 3.2% between 2009 and 2013, and their technology level increased by 1.004 or 0.4% over the same period. Technical efficiency at Incheon port increased by 1.197 or 19.7% between 2009 and 2013, and their technology level dropped 0.999 or 0.1% over the same period.