경찰접촉 유형별 경찰정당성이 경찰신뢰에 미치는 영향
A Study on the Impact of Police Legitimacy on Trust in the Police Based on Types of Police-Citizen Contact
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이 연구는 경찰접촉의 유형별로 경찰정당성이 경찰신뢰에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 경찰접촉은 자발적 접촉(citizen-initiated contacts)과 비자발적 접촉(police-initiated contacts)으로 구분되며, 각 유형이 시민의 경찰정당성 인식과 경찰신뢰에 미치는 영향이 다를 수 있다는 가정에서 출발하였다. 연구의 주요 목적은 경찰접촉의 형태에 따라 경찰정당성의 구성요소(절차적 공정성, 분배적 공정성, 경찰효과성)가 시민들의 경찰신뢰에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 기존 문헌 및 선행연구를 기반으로 이론적 틀을 설정하였으며, 실증적 분석을 위해 설문조사 데이터를 활용하였다. 연구결과 자발적 접촉의 경우 절차적 공정성과 경찰효과성이 경찰신뢰에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 비자발적 접촉에서는 경찰의 분배적 공정성과 절차적 공정성 인식이 경찰신뢰에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 접촉의 자발성 여부에 따라 경찰정당성 인식이 달라지며, 이는 경찰신뢰 형성에 차별적인 영향을 미친다는 점이 검증되었다. 이 연구는 경찰과 시민의 상호작용에서 접촉 유형별 정당성의 중요성을 강조하며, 경찰활동이 시민의 신뢰를 구축하기 위해서는 상황에 따른 맞춤형 접근이 필요하다는 정책적 시사점을 제시한다. 특히, 경찰이 비자발적 접촉 상황에서 절차적 공정성을 강화하고, 시민의 긍정적 경험을 확대하는 것이 경찰신뢰를 향상시키는 핵심 요인임을 확인하였다.
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the impact of police legitimacy on trust in the police based on different types of police-citizen contact. Police contact was categorized into voluntary contact(citizen-initiated contacts) and involuntary contact(police-initiated contacts), starting from the assumption that each type may differently influence citizens’ perceptions of police legitimacy and trust in the police. The primary objective of this research was to identify the relative influence of the components of police legitimacy(procedural fairness, distributive fairness, and police effectiveness) on citizens’ trust in the police, depending on the form of contact. To this end, a theoretical framework was established based on existing literature and prior studies, and survey data were utilized for empirical analysis. The results revealed that, in cases of voluntary contact, procedural fairness and police effectiveness positively influenced trust in the police. On the other hand, in cases of involuntary contact, perceptions of distributive fairness and procedural fairness had significant impacts on trust in the police. Furthermore, it was verified that citizens’ perceptions of police legitimacy varied depending on the voluntariness of the contact, which, in turn, had differential effects on the formation of trust in the police. This study highlights the importance of legitimacy tailored to the type of contact in police-citizen interactions. It offers policy implications that emphasize the need for context-specific approaches to build public trust in the police. In particular, the findings underscore that enhancing procedural fairness in involuntary contact situations and expanding positive citizen experiences are key factors in improving trust in the police.
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