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한국 아동 기억기능의 성차

Sex Differences in Memory Performance among Korean Children

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 한국 아동에서 기억기능에 성차가 있는가를 살펴보는 것이었다. 이를 위해 7-15세의 한국 남아 314명과 여아 243명에게 언어성 기억검사인 Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test(RAVLT)와 시공간성 기억검사인 Rey Complex Figure Test(RCFT)를 실시하였다. 결과를 보면 RAVLT와 RCFT 모두에서 여아가 남아보다 우세하였다. 총 9개의 기억기능 측정치(RAVLT 7개, RCFT 2개) 중 5개에서 여아가 남아보다 유의하게 우세하였고, 나머지 4개 측정치에서도 하나만 제외하고 여아의 평균이 남아의 평균보다 높았다. 효과 크기(d)의 평균치는 RAVLT가 .17, RCFT가 .18로 작은 편이었다. 선행 연구들을 보면 언어성 기억 과제의 수행에서 여성이 우세함은 아동, 성인 및 노인 연구에서 모두 일관성 있게 나타났다. 반면에 시공간성 기억 과제에서의 성차는 연구에 따라 보다 다양하였다. 그러므로 여아가 남아보다 언어적 기억기능에서 우세한 결과는 일반화 가능성이 높지만, 시공간적 기억기능도 우세한지는 후속 연구가 더 필요하다. 기억기능의 성별 차이는 생물학적 요인과 환경적 요인을 모두 반영할 수 있다. 그러나 기억기능의 성별 차이가 여러 문화권에서 공통적으로 관찰되고 아동에서도 확인되는 점은 생물학적 요인이 보다 중요할 가능성을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine possible sex differences in memory ability among Korean children. A Korean version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) was administered to 314 Korean boys and 243 Korean girls between the ages of 7 and 15 years. Results indicated that Korean girls performed better than Korean boys on both memory tests. Five out of 9 memory measures (7 RAVLT, 2 RCFT) indicated a significant sex difference favoring girls. Of the remaining 4 measures, 3 indicated a higher mean performance for girls compared to boys. Effect sizes for the sex differences were relatively small in magnitude and mean d was .17 for RAVLT and .18 for RCFT. Many previous studies involving children as well as adults and older adults have shown significant differences in verbal memory performance favoring women over men. However, sex differences in visuospatial memory performance were less consistent across studies. Thus, it may be tentatively concluded that girls are superior to boys in verbal memory function. However, further studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion regarding sex differences in visuospatial memory function. Both biological and environmental factors likely contribute to sex differences in memory ability. However, given that sex differences in memory favoring women are found across different cultures and appear at a relatively early age, biological factors may play more important roles than environmental ones.

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