해결중심상담의 변화기제(change mechanism)로서 해결대화(solution talk)의 역할에 대한 미시분석
A Microanalysis of Solution Talk as a Change Mechanism of Solution Focused Therapy
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본 연구는 해결중심상담의 변화기제(change mechanism)로서 해결대화(solution talk)의 역할에 대한 서설적 논의를 제공하고자 Insoo Kim Berg의 ‘No More Lectures’에 등장하는 해결대화를 미시분석하였다. 분석의 초점은 비디오 녹화된 치료자와 내담자 간 대화적 상호작용을 매 순간 별로 검토하는 것이다. 총 68분의 상담대화는 74개의 해결대화와 72개의 문제대화로 구성되었다. 74개의 해결대화 중 70개가 상담자의 주도로 시작된 반면, 72개의 문제대화 중 상담자의 주도로 시작된 것은 단 1개에 그쳤다. 이는 해결중심상담자의 영향이 해결대화에서 상대적으로 더 큰 것임을 의미하는 것이다. 해결중심상담의 변화기제로서 해결대화의 역할에 대한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 가장 빈번한 해결대화의 주제는 기적질문과 관련된 해결대화, 내담자의 강점을 탐색하고자 하는 해결대화, 목표설정에 관한 해결대화, 해결중심적 포뮬레이션이 주로 활용된 해결대화 등이었다. 이는 주제별로 다음의 두 가지로 나뉘었다. 1. 해결중심상담의 대표질문을 중심으로 한 해결대화: 1) 기적질문; 2) 예외질문; 3) 척도질문. 2. 해결중심적 철학과 언어의 선택적 활용(lexical choice)을 중심으로 한 해결대화: 1) 내담자의 강점 탐색; 2) 목표설정; 3) 해결중심적 포뮬레이션; 4) ‘알지 못함의 자세’; 5) 내담자의 안전 확인; 6) 공감; 7) 메시지. 본 연구의 결과 각각의 해결대화가 해결중심상담의 독특한 치료적 기제로서 내담자와의 협력적 해결구축이라는 과업수행을 위해 유기적으로 활용됨을 알 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 해결중심상담의 중심적 변화기제로서 해결대화에 대한 이론적, 실천적 함의에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the discussion of what change mechanism contributes to the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy. Methods: To do this, I analyzed the 'No More Lectures' of Insoo Kim Berg, focusing on the question 'What is the role of solution talk as a change mechanism of SFBT?' The focus of the analysis was on a moment-by-moment review of the video-recorded interaction between the therapist and the client. Results: Throughout a total of 68 minutes of the therapy, the dialogues consisted of 74 instances of solution talk and 72 instances of problem talk. The results were divided into the structure and roles of the dialogue. First, in the structural aspect, 70 out of 74 instances of solution talk were initiated by the therapist, whereas only one out of 72 instances of problem talk was initiated by the therapist. This means that the influence of the therapist was fairly larger in the solution talk. Second, the topics of the most frequent solution talk were dialogues related to the miracle question, exploring the client's strengths, setting the goals, and solution-focused formulations. The solution talk instances were divided into two main categories: 1) Solution talk focusing on representative questions of SFBT; and 2) Solution talk focusing on SF philosophy and lexical choices. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it was found that each instance of solution talk was used organically to perform the task as cooperative solution building with the clients as a unique change mechanism of SFBT. Based on this, I discussed the theoretical and practical implications of solution talk as a central change mechanism of SFBT.
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