해결중심단기치료의 변화 여정 고찰: 서구문헌을 중심으로
A Review of Changes in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
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초록
해결중심단기치료(이하 해결중심치료)는 1980년 초 등장한 이래 지난 30년 간 귀납적 발전과정에 의해 성장해왔다. 본 연구에서는 해결중심치료의 진영 내에서 영향력을 가지며, 저술에서 자신의 접근방법에 대한 충분한 근거를 제공하고 있는 서구의 연구자와 실천가의 연구를 분석함으로써 해결중심치료 진영 내에서 일고 있는 변화를 고찰해보고자 하였다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다: 1. 해결중심치료는 어떻게 변화해왔나?; 2. 해결중심치료 진영 내에서 일고 있는 변화는 어떤 것이며, 그 변화의 내용과 근거는 무엇인가?; 3. 이러한 변화의 이론적, 실천적 함의는 무엇인가? 연구결과 해결중심치료 진영 내에서의 다양한 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 우선, 해결중심단기치료는 특유의 귀납적 발전과정의 특성으로 인해 계속해서 그 변화가 진행 중임을 확인하였다. 더불어 해결중심단기치료는 다양한 접근들을 포함하는 해결중심/지향접근(solution-focused/oriented approaches)이 되어가고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 변화 속에서 본 연구는 두 가지 큰 특징을 발견할 수 있었다. 하나는 해결중심치료의 개발자들과 이들의 정신을 이어가고자 하는 전통적 입장과, 다른 하나는 해결중심치료를 근간으로 주변의 다양한 치료적 이론이나 모델을 체계적 논리에 근거하거나 현실적, 실용주의적 이유로 통합/절충적으로 활용하고자 하는 경향이었다. 논의에서는 이러한 결과가 가지는 해결중심치료에 대한 이론적, 실천적 함의를 다룬다. 해결중심치료는 다른 전통적 치료 접근들에 비해 아직도 상대적으로 젊은 상담모델이다. 따라서 모델의 계속된 성장과 성숙을 위해 현재 해결중심치료의 진영 내에서 일어나고 있는 변화에 세심한 관찰과 주의를 기울임과 동시에 그 함의에 대해 실천가들 사이의 진지한 대화가 필요하다.
Abstract
Objectives: Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) has inductively changed over the 30 years since it first appeared (in the early 1980s). The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the model by analyzing the work of Western researchers and practitioners who have studied and utilized it. Methods: The literature was explored via three research questions: 1. How has SFBT changed? 2. What in SFBT has changed? 3. What are the theoretical and practical implications of these changes? Results: Various continuous changes, as a result of inherent inductive development, were confirmed. The model itself is no longer simply one thing; it is now more accurate to refer to solution focused approaches. Two major trends were identified. Traditional approaches seek to investigate the developmental minds of the model developers, such as de Shazer and Berg. Integrative/eclectic approaches seek to expand the model, based on either systematic logic or realistic/pragmatic rationales. Conclusions: SFTB is still a relatively young counseling model compared to other traditional therapeutic approaches. Therefore, it is time for us to give more attention to the changes that are now occurring within the model and open dialogue among solution-focused practitioners.
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