영국의 노동감독 및 집행 체계
An Introduction to the UK Labour Inspection and Enforcement System — Implications for the Korean System —
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초록
영국의 현행 노동감독과 집행제도는 하나의 정부기관에 의한 ‘중앙감독’을 통해 동일한 권한과 집행방식으로 접근하는 국가에서와는 달리, 통합된 하나의 기관에 의하지 않고 감독의 필요성이 강한 취약계층 보호 중심으로 다양한 ‘독립’기관에 각기 다른 관할권과 권한을 부여하는 방식으로 분산되어 설계되어 있다. 그런데, 최근 영국의 노동감독 및 집행제도에는 많은 변화가 있었다. 이러한 변화는 개별 감독 기구의 지위에서부터 제재 및 집행에 이르기까지 다양한 스펙트럼을 형성한다. 1990년대까지만 해도 영국의 실질적인 노동감독 및 집행제도는 아동, 여성, 산업안전보건을 중심으로 시행되었으나, 최근에는 이주노동자를 포함한 취약계층 등의 최저임금 보장, 직업안정, 인신매매 등과 같은 현대판 노예제도에 적극적으로 대응하는 방식으로 강화되어 가는 경향을 보인다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 이러한 영국의 최근의 경향을 반영하여 소개된 연구는 부족하다. 따라서 이 글에서는 필요한 경우 기존 보고서 등에서 소개된 산업안전보건 관련 제도를 참조하면서, 그동안 우리나라에 소개되지 않은 다양한 기관에 의해 수행되는 최근의 노동감독 및 집행제도를 구체적으로 검토하고 우리나라에 줄 수 있는 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.
Abstract
The current labour inspection and enforcement system in the United Kingdom (UK) does not take the approach of inspection and enforcement through ‘central inspection’ by a single government agency. Rather, labour inspection and enforcement is designed to be distributed in such a way that grants different jurisdictions and powers to various ‘independent’ institutions, focusing on the protection of the vulnerable who strongly require supervision. However, there have been many changes in the UK labour inspection and enforcement system in recent years. These changes shape a spectrum that ranges from the status of individual oversight bodies to sanctions and enforcement. Until the 1990s, the actual labour inspector system in the UK was implemented and centered on children, women, and occupational safety and health. However, in recent years, it has been strengthened to actively respond to modern problems and issues, such as minimum wage guarantees for the low-wage class including foreign workers, job security, and human trafficking. However, in Korea, studies reflecting these recent trends such as seen in the UK are largely lacking. Therefore, in this article, I refer to OSH-related systems introduced in previous reports, and so forth. At the same time, I examine in detail the recent labour inspection and enforcement system in the UK, which has not been introduced to Korea, and draw from the analysis implications for Korea.
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